| 词条 | De Zwaan (windmill) |
| 释义 |
| name = De Zwaan Windmill | nrhp_type = | image = DeZwaanWindmill.JPG | caption = | location= Windmill Island Gardens, 1 Lincoln Ave., Holland, Michigan | coordinates={{coord|42|47|58|N|86|5|45|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Michigan#USA | built = {{Start date|1761}} | architect = | architecture = | added = April 17, 2018 | area = | refnum = 100002333[1] }} De Zwaan is an authentic Dutch windmill in the city of Holland, Michigan. The windmill's name is Dutch for The Swan or Graceful Bird. It is the oldest authentic, working Dutch windmill in the United States. De Zwaan is located in Windmill Island municipal park. HistoryDe Zwaan was first erected in Krommenie, Netherlands in 1761. In 1889, it was moved to Vinkel, Netherlands and reconstructed there. When Holland, Michigan residents Willard Wichers and Carter Brown were looking for a way to pay homage to the city's Dutch heritage, they began a project to bring a Dutch windmill to the United States. However, many of these monumental structures had suffered serious damage in World War II. As a result, the Dutch government had placed a ban on the sale of windmills outside the Netherlands. Wichers and his group were able to gain an exemption by selecting a heavily damaged mill known as De Zwaan. De Zwaan was at the center of a controversy, with three local agencies unable to determine the future of the damaged windmill. The Dutch government decided to sell it to Wichers for $2800, making De Zwaan the last windmill to leave the Netherlands. In October, 1964, De Zwaan arrived aboard the Prins Willem van Oranje. It was unloaded at the Muskegon harbor and transported by truck to Windmill Island in Holland. It took approximately 6 months to reconstruct the mill. In April 1965, the {{convert|125|ft|m|adj=on}} windmill was formally dedicated on Windmill Island, a {{convert|36|acre|m2|adj=on}} site reclaimed from a swamp on the eastern end of Lake Macatawa. It is open from late April through early October. When winds are favorable ({{convert|15|to|20|mph|m/s|abbr=on|0}} from the west), De Zwaan's {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=on}} diameter blades are usually in motion. The mill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018. References1. ^{{cite web | title = National Register of Historic Places Program: Weekly List | date = April 20, 2018 | publisher = National Park Service | url = https://www.nps.gov/nR/listings/20180420.htm | access-date = April 30, 2018}} External links{{Commons category|De Zwaan windmill}}
13 : National Register of Historic Places in Ottawa County, Michigan|Dutch-American culture in Michigan|Buildings and structures in Holland, Michigan|Museums in Ottawa County, Michigan|Tourist attractions in Ottawa County, Michigan|Smock mills in the United States|Grinding mills in Michigan|Relocated buildings and structures in Michigan|Octagonal buildings in the United States|Wind power in Michigan|Buildings and structures completed in 1761|Mill museums in Michigan|Agricultural buildings and structures in Michigan |
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