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词条 Carlo Rambaldi
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

  3. Personal life and death

  4. Filmography

  5. Academy Awards

     One Special Achievement Academy Award  Two Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects 

  6. Other awards

     Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards  Saturn Awards  MystFest Awards  Los Angeles Italian Film Awards  David di Donatello Awards 

  7. Notes

  8. References

     Footnotes  Sources 

  9. External links

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|caption = Carlo Rambaldi in 2010
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|birth_date = {{birth date|1925|9|15}}
|birth_place = Vigarano Mainarda, Italy
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|death_place = Lamezia Terme, Italy
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|occupation = Special effects
Visual effects
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|notable_works = King Kong (1976)
Alien (1979)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
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Daniela[2]
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|awards = 3 Oscars
Academy Awards Special Achievement Award
Saturn Award
BAFTA Film Award (nominated)
David di Donatello Special
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Special
Los Angeles Italian Film Awards Outstanding Achievement Award
Mystfest Special
Razzie Award (nominated)
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Carlo Rambaldi (September 15, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was an Italian special effects artist, winner of three Oscars: one Special Achievement Academy Award for Best Visual Effects in 1977 for the 1976 version of King Kong[3] and two Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects in 1980 and 1983 for, respectively, Alien[4] (1979) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial[5] (1982). He is most famous for his work in those two last mentioned films, that is for the mechanical head-effects for the creature in Alien and the design of the title character of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.

Early life

Carlo Rambaldi was born September 15, 1925 in Vigarano Mainarda, Emilia-Romagna.[6] He studied painting at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna, where he developed a passion for electromechanics and the skeleton and musculature of the human body. He was heavily influenced by the work of Picasso and the Italian artist Renato Guttuso.[7]

Career

Rambaldi's first work in film was creating a fire-breathing dragon for the 1957 Italian picture Sigfrido[7] (titled in the English version as The Dragon's Blood).

In 1963 he became a full-time special effects artist. He worked with Italian directors including Mario Bava, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Mario Monicelli and Dario Argento.[7] Some films he worked on included Medusa vs the Son of Hercules (1962), Bloody Pit of Horror (1965), Planet of the Vampires (1965), Hercules and the Princess of Troy (1965), L'Odissea (1968, a TV miniseries), A Bay of Blood (1972), The Night of the Devils (1972), Andy Warhol's Frankenstein (1974), Andy Warhol's Dracula (1974), Deep Red (Profondo Rosso, 1975), King Kong (1976), Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), Alien (1979), Nightwing (1979), Possession (1981), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Dune (1984), Conan the Destroyer (1984), Silver Bullet (1985), King Kong Lives (1986) and Cameron's Closet (1988), among others.

Rambaldi had the distinction of being the first special effects artist to be required to prove that his work on a film was not 'real'. Dog-mutilation scenes in the 1971 film A Lizard in a Woman's Skin were so convincingly visceral that its director, Lucio Fulci, was prosecuted for offenses relating to animal cruelty. Fulci would have served a two-year prison sentence, had Rambaldi not exhibited the film's array of props to a courtroom, proving that the scene was not filmed using real animals.[8][9]

Rambaldi's last screen credit was on the 1988 horror film Primal Rage, directed by his son Vittorio. When computer-generated special effects became common place, Rambaldi complained, "Any kid with a computer can reproduce the special effects seen in today’s movies. The mystery's gone. The curiosity that viewers once felt when they saw special effects has disappeared. It's as if a magician had revealed all of his tricks... There’s no question that these computer films are well packaged but the charm has disappeared... If Spielberg were to film E.T. today using the latest technology I'm not sure it would be a hit because the techniques they’re using at the moment couldn't reproduce the tender expression of ET's eyes, for example. The secret of creating what technology is unable to express lies in the work of the artisan, who is able to develop characteristics that touch our deepest emotions."[7]

Personal life and death

Carlo Rambaldi married Bruna Basso, with whom he had a son, Vittorio, and a daughter, Daniela.[10][7] Another son, Alessandro, died of a rare form of leukemia at 33 years of age.[11]

Rambaldi died after a long illness[12] on August 10, 2012 in Lamezia Terme, Calabria, where he had lived for the last decade of his life,[6] after relocating to be near his daughter and grandchildren.[13]

His ashes were laid to rest in the family tomb in Vigarano Mainarda, near his son Alessandro.[13]

Filmography

TitleYearCredited asNotes{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)
Special effectsOther
Dragon's Blood1957 {{yes}} Dragon creator{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=49}}
Goliath and the Dragon1960 {{yes}} Special make-up effects{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=70}}
{{sort|Giants of Thessaly|The Giants of Thessaly {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=315}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=316}}
Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules1962 {{yes}}{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=57}}{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=58}}
Medusa Against the Son of Hercules1963 {{yes}}{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=115}}{{sfn|Kinnard|Crnkovich|2017|p=116}}
Bloody Pit of Horror1965 {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=137}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=138}}
Diabolik1968 {{yes}} Set designer{{sfn|Celli|Cottino-Jones|2007|p=106}}{{sfn|Curti|2016|p=104}}
Lady Frankenstein1971 {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=32}}
{{sort|Night of the Devils|The Night of the Devils1972 {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=74}}
Frankenstein '80 {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=69}}
Tragic Ceremony {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=327}}
Flesh for Frankenstein1973 {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=80}}
{{sort|Hand That Feeds the Dead|The Hand That Feeds the Dead1974 {{yes}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=124}}{{sfn|Curti|2017|p=125}}
Blood for Dracula {{yes}}[14]
Deep Red1975 {{yes}}[15][16]
King Kong1976 {{yes}}Kong design and engineering[17]
{{sort|White Buffalo|The White Buffalo1977 {{yes}}Consultant on buffalo sequences[18]
Close Encounters of the Third Kind {{yes}}Realization of "extraterrestrial"[19]
Alien1979 {{yes}}'Alien' head effect[20]
Nightwing {{yes}}Special visual effects[21]
The Hand1981 {{yes}}Special visual effects[22]
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial1982 {{yes}}Creator of E.T.[23]
Conan the Destroyer1984 {{yes}}Creator of Dagoth[24]
Dune {{yes}}Creature creator[25]
Cat's Eye1985 {{yes}}Creature creator[26]
Silver Bullet {{yes}}Creature creator[27]

Academy Awards

One Special Achievement Academy Award

  • 1977 (49th): for Best Visual Effects for King Kong (1976), shared with Glen Robinson and Frank Van der Veer

Two Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects

  • 1980 (52nd): for Best Visual Effects for Alien (1979), shared with H. R. Giger, Brian Johnson, Nick Allder, and Dennis Ayling
  • 1983 (55th): for Best Visual Effects for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), shared with Dennis Muren and Kenneth F. Smith

Other awards

Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards

  • 1982: Special Award, "for the body of his work"

Saturn Awards

  • 1983: for Best Special Effects for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), shared with Dennis Muren

MystFest Awards

  • 1985: Special Award, "for his whole activities"[28]

Los Angeles Italian Film Awards

  • 2000: Outstanding Achievement Award for Best Special Effects

David di Donatello Awards

  • 2002: Special David Award

Notes

1. ^1 Studying art at the Fine Arts Academy of Bologna {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402034934/http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~intl/factsheet/Bologna_Art.pdf |date=2012-04-02 }}
2. ^http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli-e-cultura/2012/08/10/news/carlo_rambaldi-40727583/
3. ^49th Academy Awards (Monday, March 28, 1977), official lists of winners and nominees in the Oscars.org website
4. ^52nd Academy Awards (Monday, April 14, 1980), official lists of winners and nominees in the Oscars.org website
5. ^55th Academy Awards (Monday, April 11, 1983), official lists of winners and nominees in the Oscars.org website
6. ^1 {{it icon}} Assante, Ernesto (August 10, 2012). "Addio a Carlo Rambaldi il creatore di E.T. e Alien". la Repubblica
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9590601/Carlo-Rambaldi.html "Obituaries: Carlo Rambaldi"]. The Daily Telegraph. October 5, 2012
8. ^Wickman, Forrest (August 13, 2012). "R.I.P. Carlo Rambaldi, Creator of E.T." Slate.
9. ^Davis, Lauren (October 28, 2012). "5 horror movies so gruesome, the makers were investigated for cruelty and murder". io9.
10. ^{{cite web|title=Addio a Carlo Rambaldi il creatore di E.T. e Alien|url=http://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli-e-cultura/2012/08/10/news/carlo_rambaldi-40727583/|website=republicca.it|accessdate=3 June 2017}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Carlo Rambaldi sarà cremato e sepolto a Vigarano Mainarda|url=http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ferrara/provincia/2012/08/11/757319-carlo-rambaldi-cremazione-vigarano-mainarda.shtml|website=www.ilrestodelcarlino.it|accessdate=3 June 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=ET and Alien special effects artist Carlo Rambaldi dies|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19219081|website=bbc.com|publisher=bbc|accessdate=3 June 2017}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Agi|first1=Fonte|title=Carlo Rambaldi sarà cremato e sepolto a Vigarano Mainarda|url=http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ferrara/provincia/2012/08/11/757319-carlo-rambaldi-cremazione-vigarano-mainarda.shtml|website=www.ilrestodelcarlino.it|accessdate=3 June 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67628|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Andy Warhol's Frankenstein|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
15. ^{{cite book|title=Art of Darkness: The Cinema of Dario Argento|page=279|last=Gallant|first=Chris|year=2000|ISBN=1903254078|publisher=Fab Press}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://cinema.encyclopedie.films.bifi.fr/index.php?pk=57670|publisher=Bifi.fr|title=Profondo rosso|language=French|accessdate=29 June 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=55860|publisher=American Film Institute|title=King Kong|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67646|publisher=American Film Institute|title=The White Buffalo|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67160|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Close Encounters of the Third Kind|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53908|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Alien|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=56937|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Nightwing|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=56629|publisher=American Film Institute|title=The Hand|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67140|publisher=American Film Institute|title=E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=57064|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Conan the Destroyer|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=67647|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Dune|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=57356|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Stephen King's Cat's Eye|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=58367|publisher=American Film Institute|title=Silver Bullet|accessdate=12 September 2017}}
28. ^MystFest is the commonly used abbreviation for the "International Mystery Film Festival of Cattolica", in Italian "Festival internazionale del giallo e del mistero di Cattolica"

References

Footnotes

Sources

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Celli |first1=C. |last2=Cottino-Jones |first2=M. C |title=A New Guide to Italian Cinema |publisher=Springer |date=2007 |isbn=0-230-60182-0 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book

|last=Curti
|first=Roberto
|title=Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1957-1969
|publisher=McFarland
|isbn=1476619891
|year=2015
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book |last=Curti |first=Roberto |title=Diabolika: Supercriminals, Superheroes and the Comic Book Universe in Italian Cinema |publisher=Midnight Marquee Press |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-936168-60-6 |ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Curti|first=Roberto|title=Riccardo Freda: The Life and Works of a Born Filmmaker|publisher=McFarland|isbn= 978-1-4766-6970-0|year=2017|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book

|last=Curti
|first=Roberto
|title=Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1970-1979
|publisher=McFarland
|isbn=1476629609
|year=2017
|ref=harv
}}
  • {{cite book

|last1=Kinnard
|first1=Roy
|last2=Crnkovich
|first2=Tony
|title=Italian Sword and Sandal Films, 1908-1990
|publisher=McFarland
|isbn=1476662916
|year=2017
|ref=harv
}}{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{IMDb name|id=0708058}}
{{Academy Award Best Visual Effects}}{{Saturn Award for Best Special Effects}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rambaldi, Carlo}}

9 : Special effects people|1925 births|2012 deaths|People from the Province of Ferrara|People from Lamezia Terme|David di Donatello Career Award winners|Special Achievement Academy Award winners|Best Visual Effects Academy Award winners|Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna alumni
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