词条 | Dhubri |
释义 |
{{Infobox settlement | name = Dhubri | native_name = | native_name_lang = as | other_name = | settlement_type = City | translit_lang1_info = | image_skyline = Dhubunir Ghat.JPG | image_alt = | image_caption = Historic Netai Dhubuni Ghat | image_flag = | flag_border = | image_seal = | nickname = | pushpin_map = India Assam | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Assam | coordinates = {{coord|26.02|N|90|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name1 = Assam | subdivision_name2 = Dhubri | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = Dhubri Municipality | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = No.of wards | leader_name1 = 16 | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | dunam_link = | area_total_km2 = 18 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_acre = | area_total_dunam = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_ha = | area_land_dunam = | area_water_km2 = 1.4 | area_water_sq_mi = | area_rank = 8th Assam | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = 8th Assam | population_demonym = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 783301 | registration_plate = AS-17 | website = {{URL|dhubri.nic.in}} | iso_code = IN-AS | footnotes = | demographics1_info1 = Assamese, Sylheti }} Dhubri (Pron: ˈdhʊbri) (Assamese:ধুবৰী) is the headquarter of Dhubri district (Assam) India. It is an old town on the bank of the Brahmaputra river, with historical significance. In 1883, the town was first constituted as a Municipal Board under British regime. It is situated about {{convert|277.4|km|mi|0}} west from Dispur, the state capital of Assam. Dhubri was an important commercial centre and had a busy river port particularly for jute. Dhubri is called the "Land of Rivers" as it is covered three sides by Brahmaputra and Gadadhar rivers.[1] HistoryThe word 'Dhuburi' comes from a legendary lady named Netai-Dhubuni. Legends say that Netai-Dhubuni was a laundress who used to wash clothes of the Gods and Goddesses in a small ghat in Dhubri. The story is connected with Behula-Lakhindar. Lakhinar was the son of Chand Sadagar and Behula was Lakhindar's spouse. The word Dhubri is believed to have originated from the word 'Dhubuni' (a lady who washes clothes). According to Bodo-Kacharis, the word is of Bodo origin and derived from Dubra, a kind of grass. The story of lady Netai-Dhubuni is widely accepted for the naming history of Dhubri. Adjacent to this Netai-Dhubuni ghat, there is the Gurdwara Sri Tegh Bahadur Sahib stands. This place is famous for the Sikh Gurdwara Gurdwara Damdama Sahib or Thara Sahib which was constructed in memory of visit of First Sikh Guru Nanak Dev and later it was followed by visit of Ninth guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur and the Gurdwara is named as Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib. Hence, it has great importance for Sikh community. Until 1874, Dhubri was mostly a part of Bengal kings. In 1874, the British Government created a new province named Assam Valley Province and incorporated Goalpara district area comprising three civil subdivisions Dhubri, Goalpara and Kokrajhar with the new Assam Province. In 1879, the district headquarters was shifted from Goalpara to Dhubri town. The district of Dhubri is again subdivided in three districts namely Dhubri, Goalpara and Kokrajhar. The town of Dhubri falls under the jurisdiction of the district of Dhubri whose headquarters is at town Dhubri. The present Dhubri District is one of the three Civil Sub-divisions of erst-while Goalpara district, established in 1876 during British regime. In 1879 the District headquarters was shifted from Goalpara to Dhubri. In the year 1983 Goalpara district was divided into four separate districts and Dhubri is one of those. Covering an area of 2,838 km2. including forests, riverines, hills etc. the district has become the most densely populated district in India with a density of 584 persons per km2.(As per 2001 census). Dhubri District has been visited by many historical personalities like Guru Nanaka, Srimanta Sankardeva, Guru Teg Bahadur, Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Gopinath Bordoloi and others. Dhubri town also was very famous for the Match Factory (WIMCO), though it has shut down due to circumstances but still people who had witnessed the same still remembering the beauty of the factory its staff quarters and their modern art of living. Dhubri is also famous for its Durga Puja and Dashera. The Dhubri Town was first constituted as a Municipality in 1883. The Dhubri Town is 290 km far from the State Capital at Dispur. Demographics{{As of|2011}} India census,[2] Dhubri had a population 63,388. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Dhubri has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79% and, female literacy is 68%. In Dhubri, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. With close to 75% of its population Muslims, it is one of the minority concentrated districts of India.Most of these people are Desi (Goalpariya Assamese people which includes the Hindu and Muslim Goalpariya people) people. In Dhubri town, Bengali constitute about 50% of the population. This was the region of the Koch kingdom. Geography and climateDhubri lies at 89.5 degree east longitude and 26.1 degree north latitude, and about {{convert|34|m|ft|-1|disp=or}} above sea level. Dhubri is covered by rivers on three sides, predominated by the mighty Brahmaputra River, which is a sorrow as well as joy for the dwellers. As is typical for Assam and Tripura, Dhubri has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), being a little too cool to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate. The "cool" or winter season from November to February is warm to very warm during the afternoon, and pleasantly cool in the morning. The "hot" season of March and April is indeed hot and sees increasing humidity and rain, leading into the oppressively humid and extremely wet monsoon season from May to the middle of October. {{Weather box| location = Dhubri (1971–2000) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 29.9 | Feb record high C = 33.2 | Mar record high C = 38.3 | Apr record high C = 41.1 | May record high C = 41.4 | Jun record high C = 39.1 | Jul record high C = 37.8 | Aug record high C = 37.0 | Sep record high C = 38.8 | Oct record high C = 34.3 | Nov record high C = 32.1 | Dec record high C = 27.8 | year record high C = 41.4 | Jan high C = 23.7 | Feb high C = 26.2 | Mar high C = 31.1 | Apr high C = 31.6 | May high C = 30.7 | Jun high C = 31.5 | Jul high C = 31.0 | Aug high C = 32.0 | Sep high C = 30.9 | Oct high C = 30.1 | Nov high C = 27.7 | Dec high C = 24.5 | year high C = 29.3 | Jan low C = 8.6 | Feb low C = 10.5 | Mar low C = 15.2 | Apr low C = 20.2 | May low C = 22.2 | Jun low C = 24.4 | Jul low C = 25.1 | Aug low C = 25.2 | Sep low C = 24.2 | Oct low C = 21.1 | Nov low C = 15.5 | Dec low C = 10.6 | year low C = 18.5 | Jan record low C = 2.4 | Feb record low C = 2.8 | Mar record low C = 7.4 | Apr record low C = 6.4 | May record low C = 15.9 | Jun record low C = 13.9 | Jul record low C = 20.8 | Aug record low C = 21.7 | Sep record low C = 19.4 | Oct record low C = 17.2 | Nov record low C = 9.4 | Dec record low C = 7.8 | year record low C = 2.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 6.9 | Feb precipitation mm = 18.1 | Mar precipitation mm = 42.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 177.7 | May precipitation mm = 410.9 | Jun precipitation mm = 607.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 652.8 | Aug precipitation mm = 467.0 | Sep precipitation mm = 443.0 | Oct precipitation mm = 167.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 14.3 | Dec precipitation mm = 8.0 | year precipitation mm = 3016.6 | Jan rain days = 0.6 | Feb rain days = 1.5 | Mar rain days = 2.8 | Apr rain days = 9.3 | May rain days = 15.7 | Jun rain days = 16.6 | Jul rain days = 19.1 | Aug rain days = 13.1 | Sep rain days = 13.5 | Oct rain days = 5.6 | Nov rain days = 1.0 | Dec rain days = 0.6 | year rain days = 99.3 | source 1 = India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[3][4] | date=November 2010 }} Educational institutesCollege
School
Culture & festivalsMore than 50,000 Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims assemble in this historic shrine every year in the month of December to mark the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur, which starts on 3 December with great solemnity and ceremony. Sikhs call the week long reverence of Sahidee-Guru-Parav which is marked with a massive procession. Guru Tegh Bahadur thus earned the affectionate title of "Hind-di-Chadar" or the Shield of Hind dates back to Hindustan. TransportationAirportDhubri has an airport at Rupshi which is about 23 km from the town. It was constructed during World War II by the British mainly for military purpose to accommodate 52 jet airplanes. Until 1983, the Indian Airlines and some private commercial flights operated regularly between Calcutta, Guwahati and Dhubri. Now it is totally closed. However, recently the ministry of DONER, GOI, has taken some initiative to renovate and restore the airport. An airport authority team from Guwahati conducted a survey the historic airport, whether the place could be rebuilt as an airport. Presently (2019), renovation work is going at Rupshi Airport, and it is estimated to revive operation within this year. {{anchor |Sengajan multimodal waterways terminal}} Sengajan multimodal waterways terminalDhubri multimodal waterways terminal on Brahmaputra in Dhubri is being developed as part of Bharatmala and Sagarmala projects.[5] The town had a very busy river port on the bank of the Brahmaputra which was used as an international trade centre with the neighbouring countries, specially during the British Raj. RailwayThe importance of the railway station and the MG line was also decreased since 1947, when the direct line to Calcutta was snapped as it ran through erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The train service has newly started on 2010 again, and it is functioning smoothly. However the train services running from the Dhubri railway station are taking a new route from Dhubri to Kamakhya and Guwahati Junction. Trains originating from Dhubri station are, Dhubri – Silghat (Rajya Rani Express), Dhubri – Siliguri (Inter City Express) Dhubri Fakiragram passenger and New Bongaigaon Siliguri Jn Demu Special Via Dhubri TourismDhubri District is bestowed with attractive scenic beauties. Both the banks of river Brahmaputra with its lush green fields, blue hills and hillock is a feast to the eyes of the onlookers. The Gurdwara Tegh Bahadur Shaibji, the Rangamati Mosque, Mahamaya Dham, Chakrasila wildlife sanctuary, Matiabagh Hawa Mahal, Satrashal Dham, Panch Peer Dargaha, and other royal palaces attract the people for their unique structures, religious sanctity and mythological importance. Places of interest
Flora and faunaOn 14 July 1994, a virgin forest patch of Dhubri District of Assam was declared as a wildlife sanctuary by the gazette notification of the Assam Government. This sanctuary has been named as "Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary". This is the youngest sanctuary of the North East India having an area of {{convert|11260.00|acre|km2}}. Chakrasila is unique because of the presence of golden langur (Presbytis geei) which is found nowhere else except along the Assam and Bhutan border. Besides, the virgin forest of Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary is endowed with rare specimens of trees, shrubs, medicinal plants, mammals, reptiles and exquisite birds and insects. Geographical location of the Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary is in the latitude 26° 15' to 26° 26' N and longitude 90° 15' to 90 ° 20' E. It is in the District of Dhubri, the western most region of Assam. It is 68 km from the District headquarters Dhubri and 219 km from the Borjhar Airport of Guwahati City. There are several small springs for quenching the thirst of the wild animals of this hilly forest. But the two major perennial springs in the sanctuary are howhowi Jhora and Bamuni Jhora, which flow over the rocks, sparkling and spattering throughout the year, adding to the scenic beauty of the sanctuary. Climatic conditions of Chakrasila Wildlife Sanctuary is like that of temperate zone with dry winter and hot summer followed by heavy rains. Annual rainfall is between 200 and 400 cm. Soil is azonal, forestlike and hilly. temperature throughout the year generally varies between 8 °C to 30 °C. The diverse eco-systems of Chakrasila present a model habitat diversity and support various mammalian species like tiger, leopard, golden langur, leopard cat, gaur, mongoose, porcupine, pangoline, flying squirrel, civet cat, etc. Along with all these prolific gifts of the nature Chakrasila has a wide variety of avifauna. It is to be noted that the two internationally recognized wetlands namely Dhir and Deeplai has not been yet taken inside the declared boundary of the sanctuary. But they are very a part of the Chakrasila eco-system. It is expected that in due course they will be included within the sanctuary. Courtesy : Nature's Beckon ( An Environmental Activist of North-East ) [6]PoliticsDhubri is part of Dhubri (Lok Sabha constituency).[7] MediaDhubri has an All India Radio Relay station known as Akashvani Dhubri. It broadcasts on FM frequencies. Notable people
See also
References1. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1071013/asp/northeast/story_8429802.asp |title=Priceless heritage gets funds to survive |newspaper=The Telegraph |location=Calcutta |date=13 October 2007 |accessdate=10 June 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archivedate=2004-06-16 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |accessdate=2008-11-01 |publisher=Census Commission of India}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/dhubri2.htm |title=Dhubri Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=27 April 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |format=PDF |title=Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=27 April 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GmnoaB0m?url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf |archivedate=21 May 2013 |df=}} 5. ^Bharatmala presentation 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.citypincode.in/ASSAM/DHUBRI/Dhubri__PINCODE |title=Pin Code of Dhubri |publisher=citypincode.in |date= |accessdate=2014-05-13}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf |title=List of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies |accessdate=2008-10-05 |work=Assam |publisher=Election Commission of India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504181808/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S03/AS_ACPC.pdf |archivedate=2006-05-04 |df=}} External links{{Commons category}}
2 : Cities and towns in Dhubri district|Dhubri |
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