| 词条 | Digswell Viaduct |
| 释义 |
The Digswell Viaduct, also called Welwyn Viaduct, is a railway viaduct that carries the East Coast Main Line over the River Mimram and is a locally important landmark. It is located between Welwyn Garden City and Digswell. It is just to the south of Welwyn North railway station. The viaduct, of 40 arches, is a Grade II* listed structure. It was the longest and tallest viaduct on the Great Northern Railway's route.[1][2] The viaduct is around {{convert|1560|ft|m|0}} long and comprises forty arches of {{convert|30|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} span, and it is {{convert|100|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} high from ground level to trackbed.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009|reason=Welwyn Viaduct may not be as high as stated.}} It is built of red brick fired from clay quarried on site during construction, and took two years to build, including the construction of embankments at both ends which required the movement of around one million tons of earth by human and horse power. It was designed by William Cubitt and styled after a Roman aqueduct. It was officially opened by Queen Victoria on 6 August 1850, but she was so frightened of its height that she refused to travel across it. The train carrying her had to stop, upon which she left the train and entered a horse-drawn carriage to travel the length of the bridge on the ground. She then re-entered the train at the other end of the viaduct and continued her journey.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}} The viaduct carries the East Coast Main Line, which has to narrow from four tracks to two to cross the viaduct, making it a bottleneck restraining capacity over this strategic transport route.[3] This problem is exacerbated by Welwyn North railway station situated at the northern end of the viaduct, which blocks the line while trains are stationary, and by two tunnels to the north. Several ideas to overcome the limitations of the viaduct and station without damaging the viaduct's essential historic character and rhythmic design are periodically discussed. A three-year project in the mid 1930s encased the viaduct’s deteriorating brickwork in the blue engineering brick seen today. Overhead lines were added when the line was electrified in the 1970s.[4] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://welhat.leadpartners.co.uk/document.aspx?appendix=2|title=Welwyn Hatfield District Plan 2005 Appendix 2: Listed Buildings|publisher=Welwyn Hatfield|date=2005|accessdate= 2 February 2014}} 2. ^{{NHLE|num=1348122|desc=The Welwyn Viaduct|accessdate=11 January 2019}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://orr.gov.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/5751/its_uleeds_app2.pdf|title=APPENDIX 2: Issues in defining and measuring railway capacity|date=13 February 2006|accessdate=28 February 2014|page=2|publisher=Office of Rail Regulation}} 4. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/BRE_GNElectric1973.pdf | author = British Railways Board | accessdate = 15 April 2010 | title = Your New Electric Railway: The Great Northern Suburban Electrification}} External links{{Commonscat|Welwyn Viaduct}}
6 : Railway viaducts in England|Bridges in Hertfordshire|Buildings and structures in Welwyn Hatfield (district)|Grade II* listed buildings in Hertfordshire|East Coast Main Line|Grade II* listed bridges |
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