| 词条 | Carmelit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Carmelit {{Hebrew|כרמלית}} | color = Red | logo = Carmelit.png | logo_width = 120px | image = The New Carmelit 08-10-2018.jpg | image_width = 250px | caption = The new Carmelit - Train No 1. | type = Funicular Subway | system = | status = In service | locale = Haifa | start = Carmel Center | end = Downtown | stations = 6 | routes = 1 | ridership2 = 732,664 (2012)[1] | open = 1959 | close = | owner = Haifa Municipality | operator = The Carmelit Haifa Company Ltd. | character = 1 | stock = 4 Von Roll (now Doppelmayr) funicular cars 2 per train | linelength = {{convert|1.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} | tracklength = | tracks = 1 | gauge = {{RailGauge|1980 mm}}[2]{{discuss|section=1980 mm}} | electrification = | speed = {{convert|28|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|268|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above sea level | website = www.carmelithaifa.co.il | map_name = Route diagram | map = {{Carmelit}} }} The Carmelit ({{lang-he-n|כַּרְמְלִית}}) is an underground funicular railway in Haifa, Israel. Construction started in 1956 and ended in 1959. It is currently the only underground transit system in Israel (until the expected 2021 opening of Tel Aviv Light Rail). The Carmelit was closed in 1986 when it showed signs of aging and reopened in September 1992 after extensive renovations. It was closed again from March to July 2015 due to a fault in the cable. It closed a third time in February 2017 for renovations following a fire, and reopened in October 2018. SystemThe Carmelit, named after Mount Carmel through which it runs, is an underground funicular railway in Haifa. The difference in elevation between the first and last stations is {{convert|274|m|ft|0|abbr=off|sp=us}}. Carmelit cars have a slanted design, with steps within each car and on the station platform. Since the grade varies along the route, the floor of each car is never quite level, and slopes slightly "uphill" or "downhill" depending on the location. The Carmelit is one of the smallest subway systems in the world, having only four cars, six stations and a single tunnel {{convert|1.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} long. The four cars operate as two two-car trains, which run on single-track with a short double-track section to allow the trains to pass each other. The technology used in the system forces it to have an even number of stations at approximately equal distances. This means that some stations are not located close to major centers, but rather were situated for technical reasons. HistoryA rail-based solution to connect Mount Carmel with downtown Haifa was envisioned by the British mandatory authorities. However, practical talks only began in 1955 under the auspices of then-mayor Abba Hushi. The French company Compagnie Dunkerquoise d'Entreprises created a detailed plan and proposed to a generous loan for a large part of the project, and an agreement was signed in 1956. The plan was for a funicular system, and the inauguration took place in 1959, attended by Israeli prime minister David Ben Gurion and the French transport minister Robert Buron among others. The Israeli company Solel Boneh carryied out the works, which proceeded at a pace of three meters a day, other than a geologically difficult section where a speed of 1.5 meters a day was achieved. ShutdownsThe Carmelit was shut down for intensive renovation on December 19, 1986, after 27 consecutive years. The old rolling stock was taken to a scrapyard near Kfar Masaryk in 1991, after being offered to the Israel Railway Museum which refused it due to high transport costs.[3] After several delays and failed attempts, renovation work started on October 29, 1990. The Carmelit finally reopened to the public in early September 1992. In March 2015, the Carmelit was closed again due to a faulty cable, and subsequently reopened in July 2015. At the same time new ticket machines were installed to accommodate the Rav-Kav ticketing system. On Saturday, February 4, 2017, a fire erupted in the Paris Square station after working hours. One of the two trainsets was heavily damaged, as well as parts of the tunnel. As a result, the line was once more shut down and underwent an upgrade that included replacing both trainsets with new ones (supplied by Doppelmayr's Swiss subsidiary which built the original trainsets), a new control center, and a major refurbishing of the systems and infrastructure. It reopened in October 2018.[4] The Carmelit todayThe small number of stations means that the Carmelit serves only a small part of Haifa – which was the important population and business center when it was designed. Nowadays, the vast majority of the city's population does not live near to any of the stations, making it very lightly used. There have been talks of extending the tunnels to reach more people, but this has not been done, primarily for fiscal reasons. The most widely used public transport in Haifa are Egged buses, which serve most of the city. Haifa's comptroller wrote in his 2004 report (published in 2005) about the declining use of the Carmelit. According to the report, the system is used by only 2,000 passengers a day, and has been losing money ever since its reopening in 1992. The accrued losses between 1992 and 2003 are over ₪191 million. Since October 31, 2010, taking a bicycle on the Carmelit has been allowed at no additional cost. An extensive BRT system called Metronit began operating in Haifa in late 2013. It was hoped the stops at some of the Carmelit stations would increase ridership on the line. As of 2019, the Carmelit is the only subway in Israel. However, major construction on Tel Aviv's light rail, much of which will be underground, commenced in 2011. StationsPropertiesThe Carmelit stations are small; entrance halls are at only the two terminal stations. Stations in descending order{{-}}
Operating hours
GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite news |author=Eyal Lerman |url=http://www.mynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4341841,00.html |title=זינוק של 20% בנסיעה בכרמלית |language=HE |trans-title=20% Jump in Carmelit Trips |publisher=MyNet |date=February 7, 2013 |accessdate=2013-07-20}} 2. ^Railway Station Lists 3. ^HaRakevet: Rothschild PhD, Rabbi Walter (June 1991), Carmelit Restoration. Issue 13 4. ^[https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-haifas-carmelit-subway-reopens-after-18-month-upgrade-1001255073 Haifa's Carmelit subway reopens after 18 month upgrade] }} External links{{Commons category|Carmelit}}
6 : Underground funiculars|Underground rapid transit in Israel|Transport in Haifa|6 ft 6 in gauge railways|Funicular railways in Israel|Railway lines opened in 1959 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。