词条 | Dionysios Skylosophos |
释义 |
Early lifeDionysius was born in 1541,{{sfn|Sardelēs|2000|p=23}} in Aydonat, Sesprotya, Ottoman Empire (modern Paramythia, Thesprotia, Greece). He was of Greek descent, from Macedonia (specifically Avdella, Grevena regional unit) with Epirotian parentage. At a very young age, Dionysius became a kaloyeros at Dichouni. At age 15, he went to Padua where he studied medicine, philosophy, philology, logic, astronomy, and poetry. He took the name "Philosophos" (philosopher). In 1582, he lived in Constantinople and in 1592 he was elected metropolitan bishop of Larissa and Trikke.[4][5] Due to his astrology, fortune-telling activities and contacts with demons he was deposed by the Patriarchate of Constantinople.[6]{{better source|date=March 2017}} RebellionsDionysius led a farmer revolt in 1600 in the region of Agrafa. He was demoted from the rank of metropolitan bishop of Larissa for his public speeches inciting rebellion and for his related fundraising activities. He subsequently left for the Republic of Venice where he raised enough funds to pay for a peasant army and tried to get contact with the Pope. After returning to Greece, he made his headquarters in the Monastery of St. Demetrius in Dichouni ({{lang-el| Διχούνι}}) of Thesprotia. As a monk, he toured the surrounding villages, raising an army of about 700 men. Armed with simple weapons, his army succeeded in several surprise attacks against small Ottoman garrisons of the area. Encouraged by these successes, he led his army into Ioannina on 11 September 1611. The inhabitants of the city were so surprised by the sight of the armed men and the fires that they turned against each other in confusion, unaware of the purpose of the fighting. This second revolt by Dionysius in 1611 in Ioannina ended in failure as the Ottoman garrison under Aslan Pasha eventually prevailed.[7] DeathDionysius hid in a cave by the lake but was captured. When he was presented to Osman Pasha his famous words were: "I fought in order to free the people from your tortures and your tyranny". Dionysius was tortured and perished upon being flayed alive by the Turks in September 1611. His skin was filled with hay and was paraded around the city,{{sfn|Hammer-Purgstall|1829}} rebuked as the "skylosophos" - rather than "philosophos" (skylos meaning "dog").[8] The term was possibly coined by one of his main opponents, Maximus the Peloponnesian, another monk, loyal to the Patriarchate and the Ottoman empire. The Greek population was removed from those houses inside the castle of Ioannina and lost their privileges. The old church of Saint John the Baptist, guardian of the city, dating to the period of Justinian, was destroyed and its monks were killed. The Aslan Pasha Mosque was erected in its place in 1618 to commemorate the success of Aslan Pasha in quelling the rebellion.[9] References1. ^{{harvnb|Archivum Ottomanicum|2003}}, {{harvnb|Winnifrith|2002}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=Robert Liddell|title=Mainland Greece|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0VoAAAAMAAJ|year=1965|publisher=Longmans|p=138}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Angelos Delēvorrias|author2=Elektra Georgoula|author3=Dēmētrēs Arvanitakēs |author4=Anna Ballian |author5=Mouseio Benakē |author6=Onassis Cultural Center|title=From Byzantium to modern Greece: Hellenic art in adversity, 1453-1830 : from the collections of the Benaki Museum, Athens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GvXpAAAAMAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation ; Athens : Benaki Museum}} 4. ^Ta Nea; Vrellis. 5. ^[https://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=el&u=http://84.205.233.9/en/thriskeutika-mnhmeia/iera-mhtropolhs-larishs-kai-turnavou&prev=search The Holy Metropolis of Larissa and Tirnavos The Holy Metropolis of Larissa and Tirnavos]. 6. ^{{cite book|author=MacHiel Kiel|title=Art and Society of Bulgaria in the Turkish Period: A Sketch of the Economic, Juridical, and Artistic Preconditions of Bulgarian Post-Byzantine Art and Its Place in the Development of the Art of the Christian Balkans, 1360/70-1700 : a New Interpretation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZTpAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Van Gorcum Limited|isbn=978-90-232-2061-9|p=173}} 7. ^Ta Nea; Vrellis. 8. ^Ta Nea; Vrellis. 9. ^Ta Nea; Vrellis. Sources{{refbegin}}
External links
14 : 1560s births|1611 deaths|People from Thesprotia|Greek Christian monks|Executed Greek people|Greek torture victims|17th-century executions by the Ottoman Empire|17th-century Greek people|Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire|People executed by flaying|Greeks of the Ottoman Empire|Rebels of the Ottoman Empire|Bishops of Larissa|Ottoman Thessaly |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。