“DLX gene family”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Genes in the DLX family encode homeodomain transcription factors related to the Drosophila distal-less (Dll) gene.^[1] The family has been related to a number of developmental features such as jaws and limbs. The family seems to be well preserved across species.^[2] As DLX/Dll are involved in limb development in most of the major phyla, including vertebrates, it has been suggested that Dll was involved in appendage growth in an early bilaterial ancestor.^[3]

Six members of the family are found in human and mice, numbered DLX1 to DLX6. They form two-gene clusters (bigene clusters) with each other. There are DLX1-DLX2, DLX3-DLX4, DLX5-DLX6 clusters in vertebrates, linked to Hox gene clusters HOXD, HOXB, and HOXA respectively.^[4]

In higher fishes like the zebrafish, there are two additional DLX genes, dlx2b (dlx5) and dlx4a (dlx8).^[5] These additional genes are not linked with each other, or any other DLX gene. All six other genes remain in bigene clusters.

Function

DLX2 has been associated with a number of areas including development of the zona limitans intrathalamica and the prethalamus.

References

1. ^{{Cite journal | last1=Panganiban | first1=G. | last2=Rubenstein | first2=J. L. | title=Developmental functions of the Distal-less/Dlx homeobox genes | journal=Development | volume=129 | issue=19 | pages=4371–4386 | year=2002 | pmid=12223397}}
2. ^{{cite journal|title=The evolution of the vertebrate DLX gene family |author=Stock DW |author2=Ellies DL |author3=Zhao Z |author4=Ekker M |author5=Ruddle FH |author6=Weiss KM. |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |date=October 1996 |volume=93|issue=20|pages=10858–10863|pmid=8855272|doi=10.1073/pnas.93.20.10858|pmc=38247}}
3. ^¹{{Cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.94.10.5162 | last1=Panganiban | first1=G. | last2=Irvine | first2=S. M. | last3=Lowe | first3=C. | last4=Roehl | first4=H. | last5=Corley | first5=L. S. | last6=Sherbon | first6=B. | last7=Grenier | first7=J. K. | last8=Fallon | first8=J. F. | last9=Kimble | first9=J. | last10=Walker | first10=M. | last11=Wray | first11=G. A. | last12=Swalla | first12=B. J. | last13=Martindale | first13=M. Q. | last14=Carroll | first14=S. B. | title=The origin and evolution of animal appendages | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume=94 | issue=10 | pages=5162–5166 | year=1997 | pmid=9144208 | pmc=24649}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stock|first1=D. W.|last2=Ellies|first2=D. L.|last3=Zhao|first3=Z.|last4=Ekker|first4=M.|last5=Ruddle|first5=F. H.|last6=Weiss|first6=K. M.|title=The evolution of the vertebrate Dlx gene family|volume=93|issue=20|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/93/20/10858|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|pages=10858–10863|language=en|date=1 October 1996|pmc=38247|pmid=8855272}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=dlx AND(Danio rerio[organism])|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=dlx+AND(Danio+rerio%5Borganism%5D)|website=NCBI Gene|accessdate=12 March 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: DLX4 distal-less homeobox 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1748| accessdate = }}
7. ^{{cite journal | author=Nakamura S |title=Genomic analysis of a new mammalian distal-less gene: Dlx7 |journal=Genomics |volume=38 |issue= 3 |pages= 314–24 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8975708 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1996.0634 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Stock DW | author3=Wydner KL | display-authors=3 | last4=Bollekens | first4=Jacques A. | last5=Takeshita | first5=Kenichi | last6=Nagai | first6=Brian M. | last7=Chiba | first7=Shigeru | last8=Kitamura | first8=Toshio | last9=Freeland | first9=Thomas M. }}
8. ^{{cite journal | author=Quinn LM |title=Isolation and identification of homeobox genes from the human placenta including a novel member of the Distal-less family, DLX4 |journal=Gene |volume=187 |issue= 1 |pages= 55–61 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9073066 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00706-8 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Johnson BV | author3=Nicholl J | display-authors=3 | last4=Sutherland | first4=GR | last5=Kalionis | first5=B |quote= We originally submitted the cDNA sequence to the Genbank database as DLX8 (Accession number U31762) even though human DLX4 or DLX7 had not been identified. [...] This new Distal-less gene could not be considered the human homologue of murine Dlx4 or Dlx7 because the homeodomain sequences were too diverged.}}
9. ^{{cite journal |title=Molecular Dynamics of Retinoic Acid-Induced Craniofacial Malformations: Implications for the Origin of Gnathostome Jaws |journal=PLoS ONE |date=June 2007 |volume= 2 |issue=6|pages=e510|author=Vieux-Rochas M. |author2=Coen L. |author3=Sato T. |author4=Kurihara Y. |author5=Gitton Y. |author6=Barbier O. |author7=Le Blay K. |author8=Merlo G.R. |author9=Ekker M. |author10=Kurihara H. |author11=Janvier P. |author12=Levi G.|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000510|editor1-last=Heisenberg|editor1-first=Carl-Philipp |pmid=17551590 |pmc=1876820}} {{open access}}
10. ^{{cite journal|title=Irreversible Effects of Retinoic Acid Pulse on Xenopus Jaw Morphogenesis: New Insight Into Cranial Neural Crest Specification|journal=Birth Defects Research (Part B).|date=July 2010|volume= 89|pages=493–503|author=Vieux-Rochas M.|author2=Bouhali K. |author3=Baudry S. |author4=Fontaine A. |author5=Coen L. |author6=Levi G. |doi=10.1002/bdrb.20269|pmid=21086490|issue=6 }}
11. ^{{cite journal |title=Interneuron migration from basal forebrain to neocortex: dependence on DLX genes|author=Anderson SA|author2=Eisenstat DD |author3=Shi L |author4=Rubenstein JL. |journal=Science|date=October 1997|volume=278|issue=5337|pages=474–476|pmid=9334308|doi=10.1126/science.278.5337.474}}
12. ^{{cite journal|title=DLX transcription factors promote migration through repression of axon and dendrite growth|author=Cobos I|author2=Borello U |author3=Rubenstein JL. |journal=Neuron|date=June 2007 |volume=54 |issue=6|pages=873–888|pmid=17582329 |pmc=4921237|doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.024}}
13. ^{{cite journal|title=Mice lacking DLX1 show subtype-specific loss of interneurons, reduced inhibition and epilepsy|author=Cobos I|author2=Calcagnotto ME |author3=Vilaythong AJ |author4=Thwin MT |author5=Noebels JL |author6=Baraban SC |author7=Rubenstein JL. |journal=Nat. Neurosci.|date=August 2005|volume=8|issue=8|pages=1059–1068|pmid=16007083|doi=10.1038/nn1499}}
14. ^{{cite journal|title=Inhibition of DLX-7 homeobox gene causes decreased expression of GATA-1 and c-myc genes and apoptosis|journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A|date=April 1997|volume=94|issue=7|pages=3245–3249 |author=Takashi Shimamoto|author2=Shuji Nakamura|author3=Jacques Bollekens|author4=Frank H. Ruddle|author5=Kenichi Takeshita|pmid=9096378|doi=10.1073/pnas.94.7.3245|pmc=20354 }}
15. ^{{cite journal|title=Jaw Transformation With Gain of Symmetry After DLX5/DLX6 Inactivation: Mirror of the Past?|journal=Genesis |date=August 2002|volume=34|pages=221–227 |author=Beverdam A|author2=Merlo G.R. |author3=Paleari L. |author4=Mantero S. |author5=Genova F. |author6=Barbieri O. |author7=Janvier P. |author8=Levi G. |doi=10.1002/gene.10156|issue=4|pmid=12434331 |hdl=2318/87307 }}
16. ^{{cite journal|title=Specification of jaw subdivisions by DLX genes|journal=Science|date=October 2002|volume=298|issue=5592|pages=381–385 |author=Depew MJ|author2=Lufkin T|author3=Rubenstein JL|pmid=12193642|doi=10.1126/science.1075703 }}
17. ^{{cite journal|title=Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Gene Expression of the Edn1-DLX5/6 Pathway During Development of the Lower Jaw|journal=Genesis|date=March 2010|volume= 48|pages=362–373|author=Vieux-Rochas M.|author2=Mantero S. |author3=Heude E. |author4=Barbieri O. |author5=Astigiano S. |author6=Couly G. |author7=Kurihara H. |author8=Levi G. |author9=Merlo G.R. |doi=10.1002/dvg.20625 |pmid=20333701|issue=6 |hdl=2318/79557}}