“Doc Gynéco”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Doc Gynéco ({{IPA-fr|dɔk ʒineˈko}} is the stage name of Bruno Beausir ({{IPA-fr|bʁyno boˈsiʁ|}}; May 10, 1974), a French hip hop musician. His music is typically characterized as a ragga/rap style, that has found its fan base in France.

Early life, family and education

Born in Clichy-la-Garenne, France on May 10, 1974, Beausir's mother was of Guadeloupean origin and his father white. The latter left them in 1990, and partly as a result of this, leaving Bruno and his mother destitute.

Career

Doc Gynéco launched his career at age 19, writing a few tracks for the hardcore rap group Ministère AMER. After this rap group parted, Virgin Records signed him with the intent of converting his demos into an album in Paris.{{Citation needed|date=January 2008}} This project partially fell through; Doc Gynéco then traveled to Los Angeles to work with American producer Ken Kessie. The result of this work would be Première Consultation, released in April 1996, which received large media praise and huge success both in France and the world. Singles from the album include "Est-ce que ça le fait?", "Viens voir le docteur", "Dans Ma Rue", "Passements de Jambes", and "Né Ici".

Two years later on December 1, 1998, his second album, Liaisons Dangereuses, was released. Although the main single "C'est Beau La Vie" was a flop, the album still sold reasonably well. The single was created with the help of politician Bernard Tapie.{{citation needed|date= December 2017}}

In the spring of 2001, Doc Gynéco's third album Quality Street was released. Guest stars on the album included the Wu-Tang Clan and Gregory Isaac. The album's first single, "Caramel", met little success, although it was also included on Putamayo Grooves, a compliation album.

Doc Gynéco's fourth album Solitaire was released in August 2002. It proved to be popular. Doc Gynéco received the "Victoires de la Musique" award for Best Hip-hop/Rap Album of the Year.{{citation needed|date= December 2017}} Singles included "Funky Maxime", "Frotti Frotta", and "Flash".

'Menu Best-of', a collection of his hit singles since the beginning of his career was released in 2004.

Style

After the release of his first album, his sexual and provocative lyrics provoked discussion and criticism. However, the album sold 800,000 copies^[1] and Doc Gynéco became part of the popularising rap movement of the 1990s. His music, a mix of ragga and rap, addresses controversial subjects like drugs, sex, women, racism, and poverty. For example, one of his biggest hit at the time was “Nirvana,” a pessimistic song in which he promotes the use of drugs: “Je veux me droguer aux aspirines façon Marilyn” (‘I wanna pop pills like Marilyn’). In this song he explains how damaged life is in our society and how it pushes him to use drugs and, eventually to commit suicide: “Je veux atteindre le Nirvana” (‘I want to reach Nirvana”).^[1]

Like "Nirvana", a lot of his songs are very nostalgic and refer to poverty and the poor living conditions in French social housing estates. The reason for this is that he had actually lived in the such estates since birth. His song "Né ici" ('Born here') expresses the perceived lack of social mobility among those living in the projects . He says: “Ma mère est née là-bas, mon père est né là-bas, moi je suis né ici dans la misère et les cris” ('My mom was born over there, my dad was born over there [in the Caribbean] but I was born here [in a Parisian housing estate] amidst all the poverty and pain').^[2] Hence, one principal role for his work is to underline the issues of contemporary society.

Like many French rap artists, his works caused controversy; he was criticized for demeaning the status of women.^[3] Not all critics characterized him that way, though; one wrote, "Unjustly attacked for misogyny, he is in fact capable of encapsulating complex poetic emotion into the crude language of a ghetto love song such as 'Ma Salope a Moi' - 'My Slut'."^[4] He has also been criticized for promoting drug use,^[3] and dealing with other sensitive subjects (such as suicide in his song "Nirvana"). He stands apart, however, for rarely promoting violence in his works, something that had become a trademark for rap artists in France.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

He was part of a movement that popularized rap in the 1990s, along with groups such as IAM or Suprême NTM and took it to every home. His laid-back attitude, his style, as well as his appreciation, knowledge and involvement with popular or controversial subjects like football, sex or drugs all strongly contributed to his fame, particularly among France's adolescent population. Riding his popularity, his appearance in French television shows became regular, particularly at the start of the new century, using his appearance and style as a catalyst.

Even though he appears as a womaniser, he does not promote violence in his videos. He disapproves of the acts of violence that occur in the projects. He says that the young people in the projects should not express themselves through violence because it will not improve their situation.

Politics

Unlike many French rappers, he is close to politiciansNicolas Sarkozy showing them his support during their presidential campaigns.^[5]^[6]

Other rappers have denounced Gynéco as a traitor, not least since his current politics contrast against an earlier stage in his career when he was critical of the French state. “Je kiffe quand les keufs cannent (I get a kick when cops croak it).” “France is a country of cops. There are a hundred on every street corner. To keep order, they get away with murder.”^[3]

In 2001 he claimed to be close to the Socialist Party, but in 2006, he joined the Union for a Popular Movement and announced his support for Nicolas Sarkozy in a party meeting in Marseille.^[7]

His support of Sarkozy has been controversial: Stomy Bugsy no longer considers Beausir a friend partly because of the support he offered to Sarkozy, and Beausir was booed off the stage in Geneva in August 2007.^[8]

Discography

Solo albums

Common albums

News, featurings and appearances on compilations

References

1. ^{{cite web| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F0xxL_LhCM |via= YouTube |author= Doc Gyneco |title= Nirvana}}
2. ^{{cite web| url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K3cdhvU1B48 |via= YouTube |author= Doc Gyneco ft Janik |title= Né ici}}
3. ^¹²{{cite news |first=Charles |last=Bremner |title=Sarkozy rapped for hip-hop backer |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article630636.ece |work=The Times |location=London |date=2006-09-07 |accessdate=2008-06-21}}
4. ^¹{{cite news |first=Philip |last=Sweeney |title= Arts: The new Serge Gainsbourg |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19981209/ai_n14204651 |work=The Independent |location=London |date=1998-12-09 |accessdate=2008-06-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
5. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc080_doc-gyneco |title= Video doc gyneco - politique, rap, banlieue, 2007| website= DailyMotion.com| date= | publisher= | access-date= }}
6. ^{{cite journal| last= Helenon| first= Veronique| title= Africa on Their Mind: Rap, Blackness, and Citizenship in France| work= The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture| editor-first1= Dipannita| editor-last1= Basu| editor-first2= Sidney J.| editor-last2= Lemelle| pages= 151–66| location= London; Ann Arbor, Michigan| publisher= Pluto Press| isbn= 9780745319414}}
7. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.salade-nicoise.net/spip.php?breve1094| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930012119/http://www.salade-nicoise.net/spip.php?breve1094| archive-date= 2007-09-30| deadurl= yes| title= Doc Gyneco a des ennuis fiscaux et chope la grosse dette| language= fr| trans-title= Doc Gyneco has tax trouble and grabs big debt| first= | last= | website= salade-nicoise.net| publisher= | access-date= | df= }}
8. ^{{cite news | title=French rapper booed off stage for support for Sarkozy | url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/Rapper-booed-off-stage-for-support-for-Sarkozy_147867.html | agency=Agence France-Presse | website= Expactica.com | date=2007-08-04 | accessdate=2008-06-21}}