“Carter Lake, Iowa”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Carter Lake is a city in Pottawattamie County, Iowa, United States and a suburb of Omaha, Nebraska and sits surrounding the south and west sides of the region's major airport, Eppley Airfield. The population was 3,785 at the 2010 census.

History

Carter Lake is an example of the border irregularities of the United States being the only city in Iowa located west of the Missouri River. In March 1877, a flood redirected the course of the river 1.25 mi (2 km) to the southeast.{{cn|date=February 2019}} The remnants of the old river course, called Saratoga Bend, became an oxbow lake, named Carter Lake.{{cn|date=February 2019}} Soon after the formation of the lake, the site became a flourishing recreational area. It included, "a boathouse at the foot of Locust street, hotels and club houses were numerous and the lake was the scene of many a pleasant rowing and fishing party."^[2]

In 1892, after extensive litigation between Iowa and Nebraska, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Carter Lake belonged to Iowa in Nebraska v. Iowa, 143 U.S. 359 (1892).^[3] Although the general rule is that state boundaries follow gradual changes in the course of a river, the Court ruled that an exception exists when a river avulses one of its bends. In 1972, the Supreme Court made another ruling on the circumstances of Carter Lake when it ruled on a boundary dispute between the two states in Nebraska v. Iowa, 406 U.S. 117 (1972).^[4]

Although Carter Lake was legally considered part of Council Bluffs, residents payed city taxes, but lacked the basic city services enjoyed by residents east of the Missouri.{{cn|date=February 2019}} The community successfully seceded from Council Bluffs in the 1920s, intending to become part of Omaha, Nebraska but Omaha did not want to pay to extend sewers or water lines either.{{cn|date=February 2019}}

Two early, separate amusement parks were located in Carter Lake: From 1905 to 1917 it was the Courtland Beach Amusement Park and from 1917 to 1933, the Lakeview Amusement Park. The Munchoff Brothers, who were the original operators of Omaha's Krug Park, ran both parks: in 1917 they moved rides from Courtland to Lakeview. In 1945, one of the brothers donated the rides from the old parks to the World War II metal drives.^[5]

In 1930, Carter Lake was incorporated as its own municipality.{{cn|date=February 2019}}

During the late 1930s and 1940s, the Chez Paree nightclub and casino operated openly in Carter Lake, because casinos were legal in Iowa and illegal in Nebraska.{{cn|date=February 2019}} Consequently, Carter Lake gained the reputation as the biggest gambling spot between Chicago and Reno.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}

The mistaken belief that a defendant corporation located in Carter Lake was a legal resident of Nebraska resulted in another U.S. Supreme Court case, Owen Equipment & Erection Co. v. Kroger, 437 U.S. 365 (1978). The case clarified the law regarding ancillary jurisdiction, which allows claims based on state law to be heard in a federal court when related to a claim based on federal law.{{cn|date=February 2019}}

Geography

Carter Lake is located at {{coord|41|17|34|N|95|54|50|W|type:city}} (41.292647, -95.913989).^[6]

The city is surrounded on three sides by Omaha, Nebraska and on the fourth by the Missouri River.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|2.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|1.87|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.15|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.^[7]

Carter Lake creates a geographic oddity for travelers going to Eppley Airfield, which it surrounds on the south and west. Consequently, travelers going to Eppley Airfield from anywhere except North Omaha will be going through Carter Lake, Iowa. It has caused great confusion when travelers not used to the area go through and see a "Welcome to Iowa" sign on their way to and from the airport.{{cn|date=February 2019}}

Demographics

2000 census

As of the census^[9] of 2000, there were 3,248 people, 1,221 households, and 914 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,799.7 people per square mile (696.7/km²). There were 1,292 housing units at an average density of 715.9 per square mile (277.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.71% White, 0.25% African American, 0.74% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.86% from other races, and 1.20% from two or more races. 2.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,221 households out of which 32.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 20.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.04.

Age/Gender Breakdown: 25.9% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,851, and the median income for a family was $42,794. Males had a median income of $30,946 versus $23,309 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,758. 7.1% of the population and 4.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.6% of those under the age of 18 and 2.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

2010 census

As of the census^[10] of 2010, there were 3,785 people, 1,388 households, and 997 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2024.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,481 housing units at an average density of {{convert|792.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 90.3% White, 1.0% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 5.8% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.5% of the population.

There were 1,388 households of which 37.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 17.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.2% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.16.

The median age in the city was 36.1 years. 28.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.5% were from 45 to 64; and 12.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

Politics

In 2018, a company named DRT from Carter Lake made a $250,000 contribution to a super-PAC called America First Action supporting Donald Trump. It also contributed $10,000 to a fund supporting Mitch McConnell (Senate Leadership Fund, SLF) in October 2018. The owner of a truck business at the same address as DRT has supported Republicans since 2002 and given his largest contributions to State Representative Steve King.^[11]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
2. ^1890. "The Rise and Fall of Cut-Off Lake{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" from the Omaha Bee.
3. ^"[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1045039018075351674&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr Nebraska v. Iowa]", 143 U.S. 359 (1892).
4. ^Nebraska v. Iowa, 406 U.S. 117 (1972).
5. ^[https://northomahahistory.com/2018/05/08/a-history-of-sand-point-beach-and-lakeview-amusement-park/ "A History of Sand Point Beach and the Lakeview Amusement Park"], Fletcher Sasse, Adam. NorthOmahaHistory.com. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
7. ^¹{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-05-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-07-14 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6G4J8TS75?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=April 22, 2013|df=}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
10. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-05-11}}
11. ^Karl Evers-Hillstrom and Kietryn Zychal. [https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2019/01/dark-money-coming-from-a-shell-company-near-you/ Dark money: coming from a shell company near you.] The Center for Responsive Politics, January 29, 2019