“Domino (card game)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Domino, also known as Card Dominoes, Spoof, Sevens, Fan Tan (US) or Parliament (UK), is a card game of the Eights group for 3–7 players in which players aim to shed cards by matching the preceding ones or, if unable, must draw from the stock. Cards are played out to form a layout of sequences going up and down in suit from the agreed starting card (e.g. a Seven or an Unter). The game is won by the player who is first to emptying his or her hand.

Cards

Domino variants are played with 32- or 52-card packs and French- or German-suited cards.

Rules

All cards are dealt to the players, even if as a result some players have one card more than others. The first player begins by leading a card of the agreed rank, say, a Jack or Unter to the table. The next player must then play a Ten or a Queen/Ober of the same suit. Subsequently, players must either add a card of the same suit and one higher or one lower than the sequence of cards on the table. Players may also play another Jack or Unter to start a new suit sequence. A player who cannot place a card passes.

The player who is first to shed his cards wins; play usually continues to determine who is second, third, etc.

Scoring, if desired, can be done by simply counting the remaining cards in players' hands. Other methods of scoring such as counting the remaining pips (Jacks, Queens and Kings each contributing 10, Aces contributing 15) may lead to greater attention to high-scoring cards. Alternatively points may be awarded or deducted depending on the order in which players 'go out'.

The game is well suited for parties of mixed ages; with small children it can be played until all players have finished.

Variations

Sevens

In Sevens, the player with the Seven of Hearts leads off. Play continues as above except that new sequences are started with the remaining three Sevens. It often makes sense for players to avoid playing cards close to Seven in order to force others to play cards in other suits in which the blocking player may hold high or low cards. In some variants of the game all players receive the same number of cards and the remainder (if any) is turned face up and can be played by anyone as needed. In some variants, after a seven has been played other cards of the same suit may not be added before the eight is also played. In some variants players are allowed to pass even when they are able to play a card.

Fan Tan

In some editions of Hoyle, the game is called by its common American name, Fan Tan, or Play or Pay. It differs from the Sevens rules given above as follows: the player left of the dealer begins by playing any seven or passing. The game is played with a pool, and penalties are paid for passing, for passing when able to play, and for passing when holding a seven.^[1]

The same name is used for the following variant that starts with the aces. When the deal has been decided, the cards are dealt singly, and any that are left over form a stock, which is placed face downwards on the table. Each player contributes a fixed stake or ante. The first player can enter if he has an ace; if he has not he pays an ante and takes a card from the stock; the second player is then called upon and acts similarly till an ace is played. This (and the other aces when played) is put face upwards on the table, and the piles are built up from the ace to the king. The pool goes to the player who first gets rid of all his cards. If a player fails to play, having a playable card, he is fined the amount of the ante for every card in the other players' hands.

Showdown

In the variation known as Eights, the Eight of a suit must be played first, followed by the 9 and the 7. Only then can the remainder of the cards be played, increasing from the 9 and decreasing from the 7. In addition, when a player is unable to play, he must take a chip or marker indicating that he was the last player unable to play. Scoring is based on the cards remaining in each player's hands when the first player has played out: face value for numbered cards, 10 for face cards, 15 for aces (which are low), and 25 points to the player holding the marker. If two or more players have the same number of points that round then they "showdown". Those players will receive a zero for that round and all other players will receive points as normal.

Compendium games

Compendium games such as Rosbiratschka, Kein Stich or Herzeln often have a contract called by various names which is in practice a Domino-type game involving laying cards off onto a starter and aiming to be the first to shed all one's cards.^[2]

National or regional variants

Argentina

Austria

In Austria, a similar game known as Unteransetzen is played using a pack of 32 German-suited cards in which an Unter, usually the Unter of Hearts, is led to the table. Players build on the first Unter, play another or pass. The game has numerous other local names.

Finland

In the [Finnish] variant known as Ristiseiska ("the seven of clubs"), the first card to be played must be the seven of clubs. If a player is unable to play a card, a card must be handed to him/her from the previous player who selects which card to give (usually a worthless or low value card). Also, the last difference between Ristiseiska and Sevens, is that both the eight and six of each respective suit must be played before any other cards may be played further on that suit. The game is over when someone runs out of cards.

France

The French also play a card game called Domino, which is essentially the same as Sevens except that the player to the dealer's left leads, and may lead a card of any rank. Subsequent players may then build on that suit or start a new suit with a card of the same rank as that originally led.

Germany

The equivalent of Sevens is usually known as Karten-Domino ("Card Domino"), may be played with a 32- or 52-card pack and any Eight or Jack (Unters) may be used to start off.^[3]^[4]

Elfer Raus!

Another similar game called Elfer Raus! ("elevens out!") is played with custom cards depicting the numbers from 1 to 20 in four (in some editions three) colours. It is marketed in Germany by Ravensburger. In this game three fourths of the cards remain in the stock, players can play as many cards as they want in one move, and players who cannot play at least one card must draw up to three cards. The score of a card is its face value. The rulebook distributed with the game describes two variants (one permitting each colour to be started with 10 or 12 instead of 11, and one that is similar to the French card game Domino) as well as how to play various children's games with the set.

Siebener raus

The following variant is described under the name Siebener raus ("sevens out") in a German book.

The game starts with the seven of clubs. For any seven that has been played, no other cards of that suit may be played before the six and then the eight. When the six, seven and eight of a suit have been played other cards of the same suit may be played at any time to form stacks on the six (descending to the ace) and eight (ascending to the king). At the end of the game, each player pays the total value of their remaining cards, and the last player who had to pass pays an additional penalty.^[5]

India

In Bharat, the game is called Satti Centre (Hindi for seven as centre, also known as 'Badaam Saat'). It starts with the seven of hearts and the subsequent players may use an adjacent card, a seven of any suit, or pass. A player can pass only if no playable card is available, else a penalty is dealt (if discovered).

More than one deck of cards can be used. The first card must always be the seven of hearts, but the first move in such cases is decided by the dealer's position (eg. the closest in the direction of dealing), particular deck (if designs are distinguishable) or simply by calling it first.

The game ends when a player has no cards left. Points, are scored by adding the value of the cards left in hands of the remaining players for a number of games. (1 point for an ace, 2 for a two, 10 for a jack, 13 for a king and so on. In some variations, the ace and/or the face cards are worth 10 points.) The player(s) with the most points at the end of the set loses. In a variation, the winner gets the sum of all the values of cards left in hands of the remaining players, and the player with the most points wins at the end of a set.

Japan

In the variation known as Shichi Narabe (in Japanese: 7並べ), the players remove all sevens from their hands to start the layout before the first card is played. Up to three times per game a player may choose to pass.

Spain

The Spanish variant known as Cinquillo is played with the Spanish deck of 40 cards. In this game the sequences start with the four fives, and the five of oros must be played first.

Sweden

In the Swedish variant known as Sjuan ("Seven"), the first card to be played must be the seven of hearts. If a player is unable to play a card, a card must be handed to him/her from the previous player, usually the most useless card they have, and the turn passes on to the next player. The highest card in sjuan is king while the lowest is ace. If someone can play out all their cards, he or she can do so.

References

1. ^{{ Citation|title=Hoyle's games modernized|last=Hoyle it is played for four players only |first=Edmond|last2=Dawson|first2=Lawrence Hawkins|publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul|year=1950}}. Republished 1994 by Wordsworth Editions.
2. ^[https://www.spieletest.at/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1980 Herzeln] at www.spieletest.at. Retrieved 4 Nov 2018
3. ^Karten-Domino at www.kartenspiele.net. Retrieved 4 Nov 2018
4. ^[https://www.casinospiegel.net/kartendomino.html Kartendomino] at www.casinospiegel.net. Retrieved 4 Nov 2018
5. ^{{Citation|title=Das große Humboldt Spielebuch|last=Voigt|first=Klaus|last2=Steuer|first2=Helmut|year=2004|publisher=Humboldt}}