| 词条 | Donkey puncher |
| 释义 |
A donkey puncher is the operator of a small steam donkey, a machine used in logging in the 19th and 20th centuries.[1][2] DescriptionA donkey consists of a steam boiler and steam engine,[3][4] connected to a winch mounted on a sled called a donkey sled.[5][6] The donkeys were moved by simply dragging themselves with the winch line. They were used to move logs, by attaching lines to the logs and hauling them.[7][8] The donkey puncher was the machine operator and engineer.[9][10] Use of the term gained currency in 1920.[11] In later times the donkey puncher was too far away from the end of the line for verbal communication, so whistle codes (steam whistles) were employed.[12] The whistle operator was known as a whistle punk,[12][12] who was placed between the men attaching the cables (choker setters),[13] and the donkey puncher, so that he could see the choker setters.[12][14] When the cables were attached, a series of whistle blows signaled the donkey to begin pulling and the choker setters to stay out of harm's way.[15][16] This is an oversimplification of a closely orchestrated sequence of operations, where mistakes were often fatal and where good men stood in line for the jobs.[17] Although the steam engine, and its whistle, have been replaced by gasoline and diesel engines,[18] the whistle codes are still used in many current logging operations. The whistle has been replaced largely with airhorns.[19][20] {{clear}}See also{{div col}}
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Barman|first= Jean |year=2007|title=The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia|publisher=University of Toronto Press| ISBN= 9780802093097}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Running Springs|first=Stanley E.|last=Bellamy|page=28|year=2007|series=Images of America|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|location=Charleston, South Carolina|isbn= 0738546798}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=Coos County|first=Lise|last=Hull|page=53|series=Images of America|year=2007|isbn= 0738548030|publisher=Arcadia Publishing}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Learning about the old way to log|work=The Columbian|url=http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/jul/02/learning-about-the-old-way-to-log/|date=July 2, 2011|accessdate=September 13, 2012|first=Bob|last=Albrecht}} 5. ^{{cite book|page=92|title=Forever Green: The History and Hope of the American Forest |year=2001|first=Chuck |last=Leavell|author2=Mary Welch |publisher=Mercer University Press|isbn= 0865549001 }} 6. ^{{cite book|page=127; Volume 39|last=Bolling|first=Arthur Johnson (editor)|title=Chicago Lumberman|publisher=Lumber World Review; Lumber Review Company|date=July–December 1920|location=Chicago, Illinois}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=MacConomy|first=Alma Deane|year=1968|title=Odd Jobs in Lumbering|publisher=Putnam Publishing Group|ISBN =978-0399604973}} 8. ^{{cite book|page=103|title=Hard Traveling: A Portrait of Work Life in the New Northwest|first=Carlos Arnaldo |last=Schwantes|year=1999|isbn= 0803292708|publisher=University of Nebraska Press}} 9. ^{{cite book|page=369|title=Oregon: End of the Trail - American Guide Series|author=Federal Writers Project|isbn= 0403021863|year=1972|publisher=Scholarly Press}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Annapolis and the Gualala River|first=Tammy|last=Durston|page=19|series=Images of America|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn= 0738581143|year=2010}} 11. ^{{cite book|page=211|title=The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang|year=2007|first=Tom|last=Dalzell|author2=Terry Victor|publisher=Routledge|isbn= 0415212596 }} 12. ^{{cite book|title=On the Harbor: From Black Friday to Nirvana|first=John C.|last=Hughes|author2=Ryan Teague Beckwith|year=2010|page=16|isbn= 1932173501|publisher=Stephens Press LLC}} 13. ^{{cite news|work=Beaver County Times|date=June 24, 1969|title=Balloons assume role of Paul Bunyan's Blue Ox|author=United Press International|page=C15|location=Pennsylvania}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Lingo of a mighty industry; Whistle Punk|work=The Vancouver Sun|date=April 6, 1940|page=4|first=Bob|last=Francis}} 15. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Rombes|pages=305–310|title=A Cultural Dictionary of Punk, 1974-1982| first=Nicholas|publisher= Continuum|year=2009|isbn= 0826427790}} 16. ^{{cite news|author=Associated Press|work=The Owosso Argus Press|title=Woodsmen on coast have own language|date=August 8, 1921|location=Owosso, Michigan|page=8}} 17. ^{{cite book|first=Donald|last=MacKay|title=The Lumberjacks|pages=179–181|year=2007|publisher=Natural Heritage Books|isbn=9781550027730}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=Chainsaws in the Cathedral|year=1999|page=150|first=Peter|last=Trower|publisher=Ekstasis Editions Canada Ltd.|isbn=978-1896860466}} 19. ^{{cite news|work=Ellensburg Daily Record|title=Loggers roll into Seattle for rally|date=June 3, 1989|page=3|location=Seattle, Washington|author=United Press International}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=Logging convoy is crossing Wyoming|work=Merced Sun-Star|date=May 18, 1977|location=Cheyenne, Wyoming|author=Associated Press|page=15}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Steam donkeys}}
6 : Logging|Obsolete occupations|Steam boilers|Forestry occupations|Logging in the United States|Timber industry |
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