| 词条 | Dorset Horn |
| 释义 |
| name = Dorset Horn | image = Dorset 100 5690.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = head of a sheep with curved horn and pink nose | image_caption = At the Maryland Sheep and Wool Festival in 2010 | status = {{ubl|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=147}}|RBST (2019): at risk{{r|rbst}}}} | altname = | country = United Kingdom | distribution = {{ubl|United Kingdom|Australia|North America|South Africa{{r|rbst2}}}} | standard = Dorset Horn and Poll Dorset Sheep Breeders' Association | type = | use = | weight = | maleweight = 100–125 kg{{r|cabi|page=800}} | femaleweight = 70–90 kg{{r|cabi|page=800}} | height = | maleheight = | femaleheight = | skincolour = | woolcolour = white{{r|rbst3}} | facecolour = white{{r|rbst3}} | horns = horned in both sexes | note = }} The Dorset Horn is an endangered British breed of domestic sheep. It is documented from the seventeenth century, and is highly prolific, sometimes producing two lambing seasons per year. Among British sheep, it is the only breed capable of breeding throughout the winter.{{r|cabi|page=800}} HistoryThe Dorset Horn originated in Dorset in south-west England. Like the extinct Pink-nosed Somerset to which it is related, it probably derived from cross-breeding of Merinos imported from Spain with local tan-faced sheep similar to the modern Portland.{{r|rbst2|cabi|page2=800}} Unlike many British lowland breeds, Dorset sheep were not influenced by cross-breeding with the Leicester or Southdown breeds which were much used for this purpose in the latter eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.{{r|cabi|page=800}} A breeders' society, the Dorset Horn Sheep Breeders' Association, was set up in 1891{{r|ass}} and the first flock book was published in the following year.{{r|tiho}} The Dorset Horn was exported to many countries, among them Australia, South Africa and the United States, where the first arrivals were in the 1860s, and where substantial numbers were imported from about 1880.{{r|cabi|page=800}} The Dorset Horn reached Australia in 1895,{{r|rbta}} and New Zealand in 1897.{{r|rbnz}} A polled variant of the breed, the Poll Dorset, was bred in Australia through cross-breeding with the hornless Corriedale and Ryeland breeds. From about 1950, this was introduced to the United Kingdom, where it rapidly supplanted the horned variant;{{r|cabi|page=800}} the breed association changed its name in 1981 to the Dorset Horn and Poll Dorset Sheep Breeder's Association, and registers both breeds.{{r|ass}} A different polled variant of the breed arose in the United States, derived from a polled sport in a flock kept by North Carolina State University. This Polled Dorset was registered with the breed association – the Continental Dorset Club – from 1956; as elsewhere, it soon became more widespread than the original horned type.{{r|albc}} The world-wide conservation status of the Dorset Horn was listed by the FAO as "not at risk" in 2007.{{r|barb|page=147}} At country level, it is listed as "vulnerable" by the Rare Breeds Trust of Australia,{{r|rbta}} as "priority" by the Rare Breeds Conservation Society of New Zealand,{{r|rbnz}} and as "threatened" by the Livestock Conservancy in the USA.{{r|albc}} In the United Kingdom, where in the 1980s there were more than 100,000 breeding ewes,{{r|cabi|page=800}} its status is listed by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust as "at risk", meaning that the total number is between 900 and 1500 head.{{r|rbst}} CharacteristicsBoth horned and polled Dorsets are all white sheep and medium sized. Dorset sheep are also known for their ability to breed out of season. The fleece is very white, strong, close and free from dark fiber. Fleeces average {{convert|5|to|9|lb|kg}} in the ewes with a yield between 50% and 70%. The staple length ranges from {{convert|2.5|to|4|in|cm|0}} 2.5 inches (6 cm) to 4 inches (10 cm) with a numeric count of 46's-58's. The fiber diameter ranges 33.0 to 27.0 microns.[1] Ewes weigh {{convert|150|to|200|lb|kg|-1}} at maturity, some in show condition may very well exceed this weight. Rams weigh {{convert|225|to|275|lb|kg|-1}} at maturity.[2] Related breeds of sheepThe Dormer is a crossbreed of Dorset Horn rams and Merino ewes. It was first successfully bred at Elsenburg research station in Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1927.[3] References1. ^Preparation of Australian Wool Clips, Code of Practice 2010-2012, Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX), 2010 . Accessed October 2014.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/sheep/dorset/|work=Breeds of Livestock|title=Dorset|publisher=Oklahoma State University, Dept. of Anaimal Science|accessdate=2009-04-15}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?id=2150&page_type=story_detail|title=Dormer sheep: White wool wonder|date=6 August 2013|work=The Namibian|publisher=Dormer Sheep Breeders’ Society of South Africa}} 4. ^Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}. 5. ^[https://www.rarebreeds.co.nz/dorset.html Dorset Horn Sheep]. Canterbury: Rare Breeds Conservation Society of New Zealand. Accessed March 2019. 6. ^[https://www.rbst.org.uk/Pages/Category/sheep-watchlist?Take=12 Sheep watchlist]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed March 2019. 7. ^[https://www.rbst.org.uk/dorset-horn Dorset Horn]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Accessed March 2019. 8. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20080624040350/http://www.rbst.org.uk/watch-list/sheep/dorsethorn.php Watchlist: Sheep: Dorset Horn]. Kenilworth, Warwickshire: Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Archived 24 June 2008. 9. ^Sheep. Abbotsford, Victoria: Rare Breeds Trust of Australia. Accessed March 2019. 10. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20071015084037/http://www.tiho-hannover.de/einricht/zucht/eaap/descript/483.htm Breed description: Dorset Horn/Poll]. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover. Archived 15 October 2007. }} Further reading
4 : Sheep breeds|Culture in Dorset|Sheep breeds originating in the United Kingdom|Animal breeds on the RBST Watchlist |
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