| 词条 | Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus |
| 释义 |
| Name = Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus | Latin = Nucleus dorsomedialis areae hypothalamicae intermediae | Image = HypothalamicNuclei.PNG | Caption = Dorsomedial nucleus is 'DM', at center, in green. | Image2 = Mouse_Dorsomedial_Hypothalamus.pdf | Caption2 = The dorsomedial hypothalamus of the mouse brain | IsPartOf = | Components = | Artery = | Vein = | Acronym = }} The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is a nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is involved in feeding, drinking, body-weight regulation and circadian activity.[1] More specifically, it is a necessary component for the expression of numerous behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms. The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus receives information from neurons and humors involved in feeding regulation, body weight and energy consumption, and then passes this information on to brain regions involved in sleep and wakefulness regulation, body temperature and corticosteroid secretion.[2] FunctionThe dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) receives its circadian information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus and senses leptin and other feeding cues, but it is also very possible that it contains its own feeding-entrained oscillator (FEO). This still has yet to be proven in vitro. The DMH sends information to the ventrolateral preoptic area, locus coeruleus, and orexin neurons in order to aid in the regulation of wakefulness. The DMH is also involved in the regulation of hypothalamic outflow to the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems.[3] Almost all major nuclei and areas of the hypothalamus feed information to the DMH.[4] The inhibition of neuronal activation using muscimol in the DMH inhibited 85% of heart rate response and 68% of blood pressure response to air stress. This displays that the DMH also plays a role in the increase of heart rate and blood pressure as cardiovascular responses to stress.[5] The DMH is also a part of the pathway corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) takes when it is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and it is involved in the flow from the sympathetic nervous system to the adrenal gland.[6] Clinical significanceDamageIt was found in the study done by Gooley et al. that lesions in DMH neurons in rats prevented food entrainment of wakefulness, locomotor activity, and core body temperature. This further verifies its role in oscillation between feeding and circadian rhythm.[3] Lesions in the DMH of rats also caused a weakened level of response to the feeding-stimulant insulin.[6] References1. ^{{cite journal |last1=Chou |first1=Thomas C. |last2=Scammell |first2=Thomas E. |last3=Gooley |first3=Joshua J. |last4=Gaus |first4=Stephanie E. |last5=Saper |first5=Clifford B. |last6=Lu |first6=Jun |title=Critical role of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus in a wide range of behavioral circadian rhythms |journal=The Journal of Neuroscience |volume=23 |issue=33 |pages=10691–702 | date=November 2003 |pmid=14627654 |url=http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14627654}} {{Diencephalon}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus}}2. ^{{cite journal |last1=Gooley |first1=Joshua J |last2=Schomer |first2=Ashley |last3=Saper |first3=Clifford B |title=The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms |journal=Nature Neuroscience |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=398–407 | date=March 2006 |pmid=16491082 |doi=10.1038/nn1651}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Mieda |first1=Michihiro |last2=Williams |first2=S. Clay |last3=Richardson |first3=James A. |last4=Tanaka |first4=Kohichi |last5=Yanagisawa |first5=Masashi |date=August 2006 |title=The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus as a putative food-entrainable circadian pacemaker |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=103 |issue=32 |pages=12150–5 |pmid=16880388 |pmc=1567710 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0604189103}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Thompson RH, Swanson LW |date=July 1998 |title=Organization of inputs to the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus: a reexamination with Fluorogold and PHAL in the rat |journal=Brain Research Reviews |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=89–118 |pmid=9622601 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0173(98)00010-1}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Stotz-Potter |first1=Elizabeth H. |last2=Willis |first2=Lynn R. |last3=DiMicco |first3=Joseph A. |title=Muscimol acts in dorsomedial but not paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus to suppress cardiovascular effects of stress |journal=The Journal of Neuroscience |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=1173–9 | date=February 1996 |pmid=8558246 |url=http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8558246}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Bernardis |first1=Lee L. |last2=Bellinger |first2=Larry L. |date=September 1998 |title=The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus revisited: 1998 update |journal=Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine |volume=218 |issue=4 |pages=284–306 |pmid=9714072 |doi=10.3181/00379727-218-44296}} 1 : Hypothalamus |
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