| 词条 | Doryanthes excelsa | |
| 释义 |
|name = Gymea lily |image = GymeaLily1.jpg |image_caption = Gymea lily in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney |genus = Doryanthes |species = excelsa |authority = Correa }} Doryanthes excelsa, commonly known as the gymea lily, is a flowering plant in the family Doryanthaceae that is endemic to coastal areas of New South Wales near Sydney. It has sword-like leaves more than {{convert|1|m|ft|sigfig=1}} long and it grows a flower spike up to {{convert|6|m|ft|sigfig=1}} high. The apex of the spike bears a large cluster of bright red flowers, each {{convert|10|cm|in|sigfig=1}} across. Its common name is derived from the name given to the plant by the indigenous Eora people. The Sydney suburbs of Gymea and Gymea Bay are named after the lily. DescriptionGymea lilies have a rosette of large numbers of sword-shaped, strap like leaves {{convert|1-2.5|m|ft|sigfig=1}} long and {{convert|10|cm|in|sigfig=1}} wide. The leaves are bright green, fibrous and glabrous.[1][2] In winter the flower spike grows from the centre of the rosette until it is up to {{convert|6|m|ft|sigfig=1}} high, bearing shorter leaves up to {{convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long. At the top of the spike, a head of flowers {{convert|30|cm|in|sigfig=1}} in diameter develops, each flower being bright red, trumpet-shaped and about {{convert|10|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long. The head is surrounded by reddish-brown bracts, sometimes making it difficult to see the flowers from the ground. Flowering occurs in spring and is followed by oval-shaped reddish-brown capsules, {{convert|7-10|cm|in|sigfig=1}} long. In late summer, the capsule splits open and releases the seeds which are {{convert|15-23|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long.[1][2] Taxonomy and namingDoryanthes excelsa was first formally described in 1802 by the Portuguese polymath, José Correia da Serra from the type specimen collected by George Bass "in mountainous parts of the colony of N.S.W.". The description was published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.[3][4] The genus name (Doryanthes) is derived from the Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóry) meaning a "spear"[5]{{rp|277}} and ἄνθος (ánthos) meaning "a flower".[5]{{rp|338}} The specific epithet (excelsa) is a Latin word meaning "high", "lofty" or "distinguished".[5]{{rp|410}} Doryanthes excelsa and Doryanthes palmeri are the only two members of the family Doryanthaceae.[2]"Doryanthes" has inspired the naming of the journal of history and heritage for Southern Sydney founded by Dharawal historian Les Bursill.[6] Distribution and habitatDoryanthes excelsa occurs in woodland and dry sclerophyll forest in coastal areas and adjacent mountains from Karuah to Mount Keira. It usually grows in soils derived from sandstone.[1]UsesIndigenous useAboriginal people roasted the young stems of gymea lily for eating. They also roasted the roots to make a kind of cake. Fibres from the leaves were used for making brushes and matting.[7] HorticultureGymea lilies are hardy and adaptable plants often used in landscape gardening, not only in the Sydney region but also in other coastal areas such as Brisbane and Perth. Plants can be grown from seed but may not flower for up to eight years. Flowering can be encouraged by fire and by carefully placing a stone in the centre of the rosette.[2][8][9] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=K.L.|title=Doryanthes excelsa|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Doryanthes~excelsa|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Plantnet|accessdate=18 November 2015}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Rymer|first1=Julia|title=Doryanthes excelsa|url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp12/doryanthes-excelsa.html|publisher=Australian National Botanic Garden|accessdate=18 November 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Doryanthes excelsa|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/boa/instance/apni/85844|publisher=APNI|accessdate=18 November 2015}}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Correia da Serra|first1=Jose|title=On the Doryanthes, a new genus of plants from new Holland|journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London|date=1802|volume=6|pages=211–213|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13716#page/239/mode/1up|accessdate=18 November 2015}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=A Southern Sydney Journal of History, Heritage and the Arts|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=qc9UAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA298&lpg=PA298&dq=melaleuca+nervosa&source=bl&ots=zXBIzOVsA9&sig=nclkdNwpobvF--sGf9cHcjJWuio&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Ig39VJCMAoK58gXSgIJY&ved=0CCEQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=melaleuca%20nervosa&f=false|publisher=Doryanthes|accessdate=18 November 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Aboriginal plant use in S.E. Australia|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/aborig.s.e.aust/doryanthes-excelsa.html|publisher=Australian National Botanic Garden|accessdate=18 November 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Doryanthes excelsa|url=http://anpsa.org.au/d-exc.html|publisher=Australian Native Plants Society Australia|accessdate=18 November 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet: Gymea Lilies|url=http://www.abc.net.au/gardening/stories/s1769479.htm|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Gardening Australia|accessdate=18 November 2015}} Image gallery 7 : Doryanthaceae|Flora of New South Wales|Endemic flora of Australia|Asparagales of Australia|Garden plants of Australia|Drought-tolerant plants|Plants described in 1802 |
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