| 词条 | Douglas O-31 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Douglas O-31 was the Douglas Aircraft Company's first monoplane observation straight-wing aircraft used by the United States Army Air Corps. DevelopmentAnxious to retain its position as chief supplier of observation aircraft to the USAAC, Douglas developed a proposal for a high-wing monoplane successor to the O-2. A contract was signed on January 7, 1930 for two XO-31 prototype aircraft, the first of them being flown in December of the same year. A fabric-covered gull-wing monoplane,[1] the XO-31 had a slim corrugated dural-wrapped fuselage, similar to the Thomas-Morse O-19,[2] carrying a tandem arrangement of open cockpits for the pilot and observer. It had one {{convert|675|hp|abbr=on}} Curtiss GIV-1570-FM Conqueror V-12 engine and fixed landing gear with provision for large wheel fairings.[3] The XO-31 suffered from directional instability and experiments were made with various fins, auxiliary fins, and rudder shapes, in an effort to cure the problem. The second aircraft was completed as the YO-31, with a geared Curtiss V-1570-7 Conqueror engine[1] and an enlarged fin, 3" longer cowling, and a two-blade, dextrorotatory propeller. Four YO-31A aircraft delivered during early 1932 were modified radically with an elliptical wing planform, a new tail assembly, a smooth semimonocoque fuselage, three-blade propeller, and a canopy over the cockpits. The aircraft appeared with a variety of tail units, the final version (five built) designated O-31A featured a very pointed fin with an inset rudder. The single YO-31B was an unarmed staff transport and the sole YO-31C converted from YO-31A had cantilever main landing gear, and a ventral bulge in the fuselage, which enabled the observer to operate his single 0.3-in (7.62 mm) machine-gun more effectively from a standing position.[3] Five Y1O-31C service-test aircraft were ordered in 1931, and delivered to the USAAC in early 1933 designated Y1O-43. They differed from the final configuration of the O-31A, with a wire-braced parasol wing, and a new fin and rudder.[3] VariantsData from: "U.S. Army Aircraft 1908-1946" by James C. Fahey, 1946, 64pp.
Specifications (O-31A){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref="United States Military Aircraft Since 1909" by F. G. Swanborough & Peter M. Bowers (Putnam New York, {{ISBN|0-85177-816-X}}) 1964, 596 pp. |crew= 2 |capacity= |payload main= |payload alt= |length main= 33 ft 10 in |length alt= 10.32 m |span main= 45 ft 8 in |span alt= 13.92 m |height main= 11 ft 9 in |height alt= 3.58 m |area main= 340 ft2 |area alt= 31.6 m2 |airfoil= curved planform |empty weight main= 3,751 lb |empty weight alt= 1,701.5 kg |loaded weight main= 4,635 lb |loaded weight alt= 2,102.4 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)= Curtiss GIV-1570-FM (Curtiss V-1570-53 Conqueror) |type of prop= Vee in-line |number of props= 1 |power main= 600 hp |power alt= 447 kW |power original= |max speed main= 190 mph at sea level |max speed alt= 305.8 km/h |cruise speed main= 168 mph |cruise speed alt= 270.4 km/h |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main= 22,700 ft |ceiling alt= 6919 m |climb rate main= 1,515 ft/min |climb rate alt= 461.8 m/min |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament=
|avionics= }} References1. ^1 2 "U.S. Army Aircraft 1908-1946" by James C. Fahey, 1946, 64pp. 2. ^1 "United States Military Aircraft Since 1909" by F. G. Swanborough & Peter M. Bowers (Putnam New York, {{ISBN|0-85177-816-X}}) 1964, 596 pp. 3. ^1 2 "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft" cover Editors: Paul Eden & Soph Moeng, (Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7607-3432-1}}), 1152 pp. External links{{commons category|Douglas O-31}}
5 : Douglas aircraft|United States military reconnaissance aircraft 1930–1939|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Parasol-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1930 |
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