| 词条 | Drepanophycales |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Geological range/linked|late Silurian|Devonian}} | image = Asteroxylon.jpg | image_caption = Asteroxylon mackiei". | taxon = Drepanophycales | authority = Novák, 1961[1] | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision =Asteroxylaceae Drepanophycaceae }} Drepanophycales is an order of extinct plants of the Division Lycopodiophyta of ?Late Silurian to Late Devonian age (around {{Period span/brief|Late Silurian|Late Devonian|-1}}), found in North America, China, Russia, Europe, and Australia. Sometimes known as the Asteroxylales or Baragwanathiales. DescriptionExtinct terrestrial vascular plants of the Silurian to Devonian periods. Stem of the order of several mm to several cm in diameter and several cm to several metres long, erect or arched, dichotomizing occasionally, furnished with true roots at the base. Vascular bundle an exarch actinostele, tracheids of primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Stem clothed in either microphylls (leaves with a single vascular thread or 'vein'), or with leaf-like enations (unvascularized projections) with a vascular trace into the base of each enation. Homosporous, with sporangia borne singly and dehiscing by a single slit. List of familiesThe following families have, at various times, been segregated within the Drepanophycales. However, Kenrick and Crane (1997) in their cladistic study place Asteroxylon in the clade Drepanophycaceae.[2] Taylor, Taylor & Krings (2009) don't use the family at all, only the order Drepanophycales, and say that Asteroxylon is sometimes included in the Drepanophycales.[3] The anatomical details for the genera in the included families are tabulated by Gensel (1992) [4]
Notes1. ^{{Citation |last1=Novák |first1=F.A.|year=1961 |title=Vyšší rostliny. Tracheophyta |publisher=Nakladatelství Československé Akademie Věd |publication-place=Prague }}, p. 84 {{Taxonbar|from=Q147600}}2. ^{{Citation |last1=Kenrick |first1=P.|first2=P.R. |last2=Crane |year=1997 |title=The origin and early diversification of land plants : a cladistic study |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |publication-place=Washington & London |isbn= 978-1-56098-729-1 }}, p. 213 3. ^{{Citation |last=Taylor |first=T.N. |last2=Taylor |first2=E.L. |last3=Krings |first3=M. |year=2009 |title=Paleobotany The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants |edition=2nd |publication-place=Amsterdam; Boston |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-373972-8 |lastauthoramp=yes }}, p. 270 4. ^{{Citation |last1=Gensel |first1=P.|year=1992 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of the zosterophylls and lycopsids: evidence from morphology, paleoecology, and cladistic methods of inference |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume=79 |pages=450–473 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54744#page/460/mode/1up |doi=10.2307/2399750 }}, tables 2 & 3. 6 : Devonian plants|Silurian plants|Drepanophycales|Silurian first appearances|Late Devonian extinctions|Prehistoric plant orders |
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