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词条 Dresden, Ontario
释义

  1. Culture

  2. Climate and geography

  3. Education

  4. Industry and small business

  5. Human rights history

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Dresden
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|settlement_type = Community
|motto = Discover Dresden: The Charm, The Beauty, The Lifestyle
|image_skyline = Dresden ON.JPG
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|subdivision_type1 = Province
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|subdivision_type2 = Municipality
|subdivision_name2 = Chatham-Kent
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|coordinates = {{coord|42|35|25|N|82|10|54|W|region:CA-ON|display=inline}}
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|postal_code = N0P 1M0
|area_code = 519 and 226
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Dresden is an agricultural community in southwestern Ontario, Canada, part of the municipality of Chatham-Kent. It is located on the Sydenham River. The community is named after Dresden, Germany. The major crops in the area are wheat, soybeans, corn and tomatoes.

Dresden is best known as the home of Josiah Henson, the former U.S. slave whose life story was an inspiration for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Henson homestead is a historic site located near Dresden, owned and operated by the Ontario Heritage Trust.

Culture

As an important terminus of the Underground Railroad via overland and marine routes the town was part of a settlement formerly known as the Dawn Settlement. It is the site of Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site, which lies just outside its borders at the corner of Park St. and Uncle Tom's Road (the former 3rd concession). The town and its many organizations including the Horticultural Society, Rotary and IODE, have striven to develop the town's historical legacy and its natural features, particularly the Sydneham River. Dresden's floodplain area, since a 100 year flood in 1968, has been constantly improved with the addition of beautifully landscaped parklands, an arboretum featuring the area's original and diverse Carolinian flora, and the Trillium Trail which includes a historical walk portion. The gateway to the Trillium Trail with its eight interpretive signs can be accessed at St. George St. in the heart of the town, near the bridge. The trail itself features 20 plaques which point out historical sites along a bricked path. The trail celebrates history which is both typical to small rural towns of the period and unique to Dresden's ties to the Underground Railroad story. Guides to the trail are available at the town's Service Centre at the corner of Main and St. George St.

Dresden was once home to not only Rev. Josiah Henson famous because of his association with the title character of Harriett Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, but a variety of prominent figures from the Underground Railroad period. A recent discovery through the Trillium Trail Project which has been verified by research done in partnership with the Promised Land Project, headed by Boulou de B'beri of the University of Ottawa, is that large sections of the original town site were owned between 1853 and 1873 by William Whipper, a prominent member of the William Still Underground Railroad network. Today a number of artifact houses from this time period are still extant in the community. The local Catherine McVean Chapter of the IODE offers historical tours to visitors who wish to know more of the town's history. The town is also home to civil rights actions both in the 1850s and 1950s, and this and other historical events are commemorated on various Ontario Heritage historical plaques in the town.

The Sydenham River which flows through the town, is known for its rare fauna, and the Trillium Trail, particularly in the downtown's arboretum area features signage that educates on rare plants and animals that live here.

The town features a number of special events each year, including a Show and Shine for classic autos, and weekly concerts on Thursday evenings during the summer months at Rotary Park.

Dresden is also the location of the Dresden Raceway, the only harness racing facility in the municipality of Chatham-Kent. It features a 1/2-mile track and modern grandstand facility. The track also serves as a training facility for young pacers and trotters. Dresden is also home to the Dresden Slots operated by Gateway Casinos & Entertainment Limited. It is also the only slots facility in the municipality.

The downtown area runs for about 3 blocks, with stores and businesses that serve the local and surrounding community and tourists. For a bit of colour, the streets are lined with planters courtesy of the Dresden Horticultural Society and many volunteers. In October, just before Halloween, there are cornstalk and scarecrow decorations on the lampposts. There is a grocery store, a drug store, jewellery and gifts, photography studio, a Sears outlet, post office, automotive supplies, dentist, doctors, optometrist, a gym, legal advice, and more. A medical facility, operated by the Chatham-Kent Family Health Team, opened in 2012.[2]

In 1871, 72% of Dresden's 700 residents were Black Canadians. This number has steadily declined over the years. By 1949, Dresden was 17% Black.[3] The proportion of Black residents dropped to 11% in 2001, and reached a historic low of 5.5% in 2016.[4]

Climate and geography

The climate is mild, being classified as humid continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb) that closely borders on the Dfa climate type. Summer days can be hot and humid with a July high of {{convert|27.1|C|1}} and a low of {{convert|15.7|C|1}} . In an average summer, temperatures exceed or reach {{convert|30|C|1}} on 16 days per year.[5] Winters are cold with a January high of {{convert|-2.3|C|1}} and a low of {{convert|-9.0|C|1}}. Occasionally, mild spells of weather can make the temperature exceed {{convert|10|C|1}} for 1 or 2 days while arctic air masses from the north can bring temperatures below {{convert|-20|C|1}} for 1–3 days during winter.[5] Dresden is not located in the snowbelt region which begins near London, Ontario, causing winter precipitation to be generally low and snow cover to be intermittent throughout the season. The average annual snowfall is only {{convert|84.6|cm|in|1}}.

{{Weather box
|location = Dresden, Ontario
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 15.5
|Feb record high C = 15.0
|Mar record high C = 24.4
|Apr record high C = 30.0
|May record high C = 35.5
|Jun record high C = 38.0
|Jul record high C = 36.5
|Aug record high C = 36.5
|Sep record high C = 34.4
|Oct record high C = 30.6
|Nov record high C = 22.8
|Dec record high C = 17.8
|year record high C = 38.0
|Jan high C = -2.3
|Feb high C = -1.2
|Mar high C = 4.8
|Apr high C = 12.1
|May high C = 19.9
|Jun high C = 24.8
|Jul high C = 27.1
|Aug high C = 26.1
|Sep high C = 21.8
|Oct high C = 14.8
|Nov high C = 7.2
|Dec high C = 1.0
|year high C = 13.0
|Jan mean C = −5.6
|Feb mean C = −4.8
|Mar mean C = 0.8
|Apr mean C = 7.2
|May mean C = 14.0
|Jun mean C = 19.1
|Jul mean C = 21.4
|Aug mean C = 20.5
|Sep mean C = 16.3
|Oct mean C = 10.1
|Nov mean C = 3.8
|Dec mean C = −1.9
|year mean C = 8.4
|Jan low C = -9.0
|Feb low C = -8.4
|Mar low C = -3.2
|Apr low C = 2.2
|May low C = 8.1
|Jun low C = 13.4
|Jul low C = 15.7
|Aug low C = 14.9
|Sep low C = 10.8
|Oct low C = 5.3
|Nov low C = 0.4
|Dec low C = -4.8
|year low C = 3.8
|Jan record low C = -30.0
|Feb record low C = -25.6
|Mar record low C = -22.2
|Apr record low C = -13.0
|May record low C = -3.5
|Jun record low C = 0.0
|Jul record low C = 5.5
|Aug record low C = 0.0
|Sep record low C = -3.0
|Oct record low C = -8.0
|Nov record low C = -12.0
|Dec record low C = -25.0
|year record low C = -30.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 48.5
|Feb precipitation mm = 45.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 61.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 77.1
|May precipitation mm = 69.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 85.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 76.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 76.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 96.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 62.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 76.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 68.2
|year precipitation mm = 844.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 25.3
|Feb rain mm = 26.8
|Mar rain mm = 48.5
|Apr rain mm = 72.6
|May rain mm = 69.9
|Jun rain mm = 85.1
|Jul rain mm = 76.7
|Aug rain mm = 76.4
|Sep rain mm = 96.4
|Oct rain mm = 61.8
|Nov rain mm = 72.7
|Dec rain mm = 47.5
|year rain mm = 759.5
|Jan snow cm = 23.3
|Feb snow cm = 18.8
|Mar snow cm = 12.5
|Apr snow cm = 4.5
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0.2
|Nov snow cm = 4.3
|Dec snow cm = 20.8
|year snow cm = 84.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11.5
|Feb precipitation days = 9.9
|Mar precipitation days = 12.0
|Apr precipitation days = 12.7
|May precipitation days = 10.4
|Jun precipitation days = 9.7
|Jul precipitation days = 9.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.9
|Sep precipitation days = 10.6
|Oct precipitation days = 10.6
|Nov precipitation days = 11.9
|Dec precipitation days = 13.3
|year precipitation days = 132.1
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
|Jan rain days = 4.2
|Feb rain days = 4.5
|Mar rain days = 8.6
|Apr rain days = 11.9
|May rain days = 10.4
|Jun rain days = 9.7
|Jul rain days = 9.6
|Aug rain days = 9.9
|Sep rain days = 10.6
|Oct rain days = 10.5
|Nov rain days = 10.5
|Dec rain days = 7.7
|year rain days = 108.0
|unit snow days = 0.2 cm
|Jan snow days = 7.9
|Feb snow days = 6.0
|Mar snow days = 4.4
|Apr snow days = 1.3
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.08
|Nov snow days = 1.8
|Dec snow days = 7.2
|year snow days = 28.6
|source 1 = Environment Canada[5]
|date=August 2010
}}

Education

Dresden has one secondary school, Lambton-Kent Composite School (LKCS), one elementary school, Dresden Area Central School (DACS), that serve Dresden and the surrounding communities.

Industry and small business

Dresden features a number of small businesses from gas stations to small specialty stores.

Dresden is home to ConAgra Foods canning plant; where they produce many canned vegetables as well as Aylmer Ketchup.

Martinrea Fabco auto parts manufacturer, Richcote Metal Coating, Waste Wood Disposal, MPT Automation Technologies, as well as many other retail stores.

In 2007, Dresden celebrated the 125th year since its founding.

Human rights history

Hugh Burnett returned to his home town of Dresden, after serving his country in World War II. However, he was not served in some restaurants because he was black. So, in 1948, he and other African Canadians founded the National Unity Association. They collected 115 names on a petition to end discrimination. This resulted in a referendum in Dresden which asked "Do you approve of the council passing a bylaw licensing restaurants in Dresden and restraining the owner or owners from refusing service regardless of race, colour or creed?" 108 voted that restaurant owners should serve everyone. 517 voted against.[6]

In 1954 Burnett was part of a delegation to Ontario Premier Leslie Frost and the cabinet. Soon after that the Ontario Fair Accommodation Practices Act passed. It stated that ""no one can deny to any person or class of persons the accommodation, services or facilities usually available to members of the public." [7]

However some restaurants and barber shops still refused to serve African Canadians. Justice William F. Schwenger investigated the complaints as a one-man commission. On the basis of his recommendations, Charles Daley, the minister of labour, refused to prosecute the two Dresden restaurant owners who had refused to serve black people. Daley said "I understand these people will in future obey the law".[8]

On October 29, 1954, Hugh Burnett, Bromley Armstrong and Ruth Lor Malloy went to Morley McKay's restaurant with a reporter. They were denied service.[9] Mr. McKay was the first person to be charged under the Act.[10] After a long legal battle, Mr. McKay opened his restaurant to everyone.

The conflicting attitudes of white and black Dresden residents over the issue was recorded in the National Film Board's documentary the Dresden Story in 1954.[11]

On July 31, 2010, a plaque was installed in Dresden that honoured Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association. It reads:

{{Quote
|text=Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association
}}

Between 1948 and 1956, the National Unity Association (NUA) of Chatham, Dresden and North Buxton, under the leadership of Hugh R. Burnett, waged a campaign for racial equality and social justice. Their efforts led to the passage of Ontario’s Fair Employment Practices Act (1951) and Fair Accommodation Practices Act (1954), and laid the groundwork for subsequent human rights legislation in Ontario and across Canada. Traditional Anglo-Canadian rights, such as freedom of association and freedom of commerce, had historically been interpreted to permit discrimination on grounds of race, colour or creed in providing services to the public. The NUA inspired recognition of freedom from discrimination as a fundamental principle; this led to a revolutionary change to the course of Canadian law and Canadian history. Hugh Burnett and the NUA were early pioneers in the articulation of equality rights for all Canadians, now constitutionally inscribed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[6]

References

1. ^
2. ^{{cite web |title=Dresden healthcare on the mend! |url=http://ckfht.ca/news/dresden-healthcare-on-the-mend/ |publisher=Chatham-Kent Family Health Team |accessdate=December 28, 2018}}
3. ^{{cite book |title=The Blacks in Canada : a history |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=0773516328 |edition=2nd |accessdate=11 December 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |last1=Government of Canada |first1=Statistics Canada |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Dresden [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=POPC&Code1=0238&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=dresden&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |date=8 February 2017}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4625&lang=e&dCode=1&province=ONT&provBut=Search&month1=0&month2=12| title = Dresden, Ontario| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000| publisher = Environment Canada| language = English, French| accessdate = February 23, 2013}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|publisher=Ontario Heritage Trust|url=http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/CorporateSite/media/oht/PDFs/Hugh-Burnett-NUA-ENG.pdf |title=Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232211/http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/CorporateSite/media/oht/PDFs/Hugh-Burnett-NUA-ENG.pdf }}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Canadian Human Rights Commission |url=http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/en/timePortals/milestones/67mile.asp |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010143/http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/en/timePortals/milestones/67mile.asp |archivedate=2013-10-05 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Toronto Star. page 1|date=October 20, 1954}}
9. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Toronto Star| page=1|date=October 30, 1954}}
10. ^{{cite news |title=Amid sweeping change, a pivotal anniversary goes unremarked |publisher=Toronto Star |date=July 6, 2008 |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2008/07/06/amid_sweeping_change_a_pivotal_anniversary_goes_unremarked.html}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=National Film Board|url=http://www.nfb.ca/film/dresden_story}}

External links

  • Dresden Website
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080221135626/http://www.exploredresden.ca/ Explore Dresden Website]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608174227/http://geonames2.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/v9/sima_unique_v9?english%3FFAZSG%3FC Dresden] at Geographical Names of Canada
  • Dresden Story documentary 1954
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232211/http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/CorporateSite/media/oht/PDFs/Hugh-Burnett-NUA-ENG.pdf Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association]
{{Coord|42|35|25|N|82|10|54|W|region:CA-ON_type:city|display=title}}

2 : Communities in Chatham-Kent|Populated places on the Underground Railroad
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