“Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria

释义

Life
Middle East trip
Folk-music
Issue
Ancestry
Notes
Bibliography
External links

{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}}{{Infobox royalty
| name = Maximilian Joseph
| title = Duke in Bavaria
| image = Max de Baviera.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1808|12|4|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1888|11|15|1808|12|4|df=y}}
| house = Wittelsbach
| father = Duke Pius August in Bavaria
| mother = Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg
| spouse = {{marriage|Princess Ludovika of Bavaria|1828}}
| issue = Ludwig Wilhelm, Duke in Bavaria
Duke Wilhelm Karl
Helene, Hereditary Princess of Thurn of Taxis
Elisabeth, Empress of Austria
Karl-Theodor
Maria Sofia, Queen of the Two Sicilies
Mathilde Ludovika, Countess of Trani
Duke Maximilian
Sophie Charlotte, Duchess of Alençon
Maximilian Emanuel
}}

Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria (4 December 1808 – 15 November 1888), known informally as Max in Bayern, was a member of a junior branch of the House of Wittelsbach and a promoter of Bavarian folk-music. He is most famous today as the father of Empress Elisabeth of Austria ("Sisi") and great-grandfather of King Leopold III of Belgium.

Life

Maximilian Joseph was born at Bamberg, the only son of Duke Pius August in Bavaria (1786–1837) and his wife, Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg. On 9 September 1828, at Tegernsee, Maximilian Joseph married Princess Ludovika of Bavaria, the sixth daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, his father's cousin. They had ten children.

In 1834 he purchased Possenhofen Castle on Lake Starnberg; this was his major residence for the rest of his life. In 1838 he acquired Unterwittelsbach Castle (today housing a "Sisi" museum) near the site of Burg Wittelsbach, the ancestral seat of the House of Wittelsbach. Maximilian Joseph died in Munich. He and his wife are buried in the family crypt in Tegernsee Abbey, a former monastery which Ludovika's father, King Maximilian I Joseph, had acquired in 1817. At the same time of the secularisation, Duke Maximilian Joseph's grandfather Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria had also purchased a former monastery, Banz Abbey. Both properties, Tegernsee and Banz, are still today owned by Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria.

Middle East trip

In 1838 Maximilian Joseph travelled to Egypt and Palestine.^[1] He published an account of this trip: Wanderung nach dem Orient im Jahre 1838 (München: Georg Franz, 1839; reprinted Pfaffenhofen: Ludwig, 1978). While climbing the Great Pyramid he arranged for his servants to yodel as if he were climbing in the Alps. He collected a number of antiquities which he brought back to Bavaria and displayed in his father's home, Banz Abbey; they can still be seen there today. Among the items are the mummy of a young woman, three mummies' heads, several animal mummies, shawabtis, and several stones from tombs or temples including one from the Temple of Dendur. He also bought some children in the Cairo slave market and later freed them. When Maximilian Joseph was in Jerusalem, he paid for the restoration of the Church of the Flagellation on the Via Dolorosa.

Folk-music

Maximilian Joseph was one of the most prominent promoters of Bavarian folk-music in the 19th century. Under his influence the zither started to be used in court circles and eventually became identified as the national musical instrument of Bavaria. Because of his interest he received the nickname Zither-Maxl. He himself played the zither and also composed music for it.

During a visit by his cousin Ludwig II of Bavaria, Ludwig saw some sheet music on Maximilian Joseph's piano by the composer Richard Wagner, which led on to Ludwig's financial support for Wagner from 1863.

Maximilian Joseph's musical compositions have been collected in the work: Die im Druck erschienenen Kompositionen von Herzog Maximilian in Bayern: Ländler, Walzer, Polka, Schottisch, Mazurka, Quadrillen und Märsche für Pianoforte, Zither, Gitarre oder Streichinstrumente (München: Musikverlag Emil Katzbichler, 1992).

Issue

Issue
Name	Portrait	Lifespan	Notes
Ludwig Wilhelm ("Louis")	June 21, 1831 – November 6, 1920	Married twice (morganatically): 1. Henriette Mendel, Freiin von Wallersee (1833–1891) in 1859 Issue: 1 daughter, 1 son. 2. Barbara Antonie Barth, Frau von Bartolf (1871–1956) in 1892, divorced 1913 Issue: None.
Wilhelm Karl	24 December 1832 – 13 February 1833	Died in infancy
Helene Caroline Therese ("Nene")	4 April 1834 – 16 May 1890	Married Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis (1831–1867) in 1858 Issue: 2 daughters, 2 sons.
Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie ("Sisi")	24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898	Married Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria (1830–1916) Issue: 3 daughters, 1 son.
Karl Theodor ("Gackl")	9 August 1839 – 30 November 1909	Married twice: 1. Princess Sophie of Saxony (1845–1867), his cousin, in 1865 Issue: One daughter. 2. Maria Josepha of Portugal (1857–1943) Issue: 3 daughters, 2 sons.
Marie Sophie Amalie	4 October 1841 – 19 January 1925	Married Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (1836–1894). Issue: 1 legitimate daughter with her husband Also 1 or 2 illegitimate daughter(s) with Armand de Lavayss.
Mathilde Ludovika	30 September 1843 – 18 June 1925	Married Lodovico, Count of Trani (1838–1886) Issue: 1 daughter.
Maximilian	8 December 1845	Stillborn
Sophie Charlotte Augustine ("Sopherl")	23 February 1847 – 4 May 1897	Married Ferdinand Philippe Marie, Duke of Alençon (1844–1910) Issue: 1 daughter, 1 son.
Maximilian Emanuel ("Mapperl")	December 7, 1849 – 12 June 1893	Married Princess Amalie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1848–1894) Issue: 3 sons.

Ancestry

{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|title=Ancestors of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria
| 2 = 2. Duke Pius August in Bavaria
| 3 = 3. Princess Amélie Louise of Arenberg
| 4 = 4. Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria
| 5 = 5. Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
| 6 = 6. Prince Louis of Arenberg
| 7 = 7. Marie Adélaïde Julie de Mailly
| 8 = 8. John, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen
| 9 = 9. Wild- and Rhinegravine Sophie Charlotte of Salm-Dhaun
| 10 = 10. Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
| 11 = 11. Countess Palatine Maria Franziska of Sulzbach
| 12 = 12. Charles Marie Raymond, Duke of Arenberg
| 13 = 13. Louise-Marguerite de la Marck, Countess of Vardes
| 14 = 14. Louis Joseph de Mailly, Marquis of Nesle
| 15 = 15. Adélaïde Julie d'Hautefort
| 16 = 16. John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen
| 17 = 17. Esther Maria von Witzleben
| 18 = 18. Charles, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun
| 19 = 19. Countess Louise of Nassau-Ottweiler
| 20 = 20. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
| 21 = 21. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken
| 22 = 22. Joseph Charles, Hereditary Prince of Sulzbach
| 23 = 23. Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste Sofie of Neuburg
| 24 = 24. Léopold-Philippe, Duke of Arenberg
| 25 = 25. Maria Francesca Pignatelli
| 26 = 26. Louis Engelbert de La Marck, Count of Schleiden
| 27 = 27. Marie Anne de Visdelou
| 28 = 28. Louis de Mailly, Marquis of Nesle
| 29 = 29. Anne, Viscountess de Melun
| 30 = 30. Emmanuel d'Hautefort, Marquis of Sarcelles
| 31 = 31. Françoise-Claire d'Harcourt
}}{{Dukes in Bavaria}}

Notes

1. ^Gabriele and Jochen Hallof, "Dendur: The Six-Hundred-Forty-Third Stone", Metropolitan Museum Journal 33 (1998): 103–108

Bibliography

Dreyer, Aloys. Herzog Maximilian in Bayern, der erlauchte Freund und Förderer des Zitherspiels und der Gebirgspoesie. München: Lindauer, 1909.
See also parts of Furst und Arzt : Dr. med. Herzog Carl Theodor in Bayern : Schicksal zwischen Wittelsbach und Habsburg by Richard Sexau, a biography of his son Karl Theodor (Styria Verlag, Graz, 1963)

External links

{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/wittel/wittel6.html#MiB |title= A listing of descendants of the House of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}

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