“East Side Railroad Tunnel”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The East Side Railroad Tunnel is on the East Side of Providence, Rhode Island. It was opened on November 16, 1908, at a cost of $2 million.^[1] It runs {{convert|5080|ft|m}}, under College Hill, from Gano Street to Benefit Street and is currently abandoned and sealed, but a project has been suggested to reuse it for either rail or bus use.

History

Construction

The tunnel was first envisioned in 1903 as a more direct connection to the old Union Station, in the center of Providence. Construction on the tunnel started in May 1906. One crew worked east from the Benefit Street entrance, and one worked west from the Gano Street entrance. The crews met on April 6, 1908, beneath Cooke St, one day earlier than expected, and their alignments were off by only 3/8". A total of nearly {{convert|200000|cuyd|m3}} of material was excavated. The tunnel was opened on November 15, 1908.

The project also included the Crook Point Bascule Bridge over the Seekonk River.^[2] The entire cost of the project, including the bridge, the tunnel, and the approach to Union Station, was $2 million.

The tunnel allowed the closing of the Fox Point railroad station, which had served the city for 73 years.

Portals

The east portal is in Gano Street Park near the intersection of Gano Street and Amy Street. The west portal is adjacent to a parking lot, about 500 feet north of the west portal of the East Side Trolley Tunnel. The closest intersection is North Main Street and Thomas Street.

Operation

Originally the tunnel had two tracks, electrified for the heavy electric passenger trains to Bristol, Rhode Island and Fall River, Massachusetts. These trains ran until 1934. Electrification was removed, but passenger trains ran to Bristol only until the 1938 hurricane. After the hurricane only freight trains with the occasional fan trips on chartered passenger trains ran over the track southbound. Passenger trains also ran northward to Narragansett Race Track during the racing season, this ended in the early 1950s. In the 1950s the south track was removed due to dwindling frequency of the freight trains. The ownership of the tunnel was transferred to the state of Rhode Island in 1981. The last train passed through shortly after that.

1993 incident

On May 1, 1993, a group of students gathered at the western end of the tunnel below Benefit Street, to celebrate Beltain-May Day. The students had fires, wore masks, and beat drums until early in the morning.^[3] College security officers tried to break up the party. The students claimed the officers had no jurisdiction in the tunnel. A fight broke out between one of the security officers and a student who refused to stop drumming.

The police were called, and by the time they had arrived the party had grown even larger. The police tried to break up the party with tear gas, but the students responded by throwing rocks and bricks. The police finally broke up the party by forming a riot line, and surrounding the students.

The following day the police claimed that they had found "satanic rituals",^[4] and the tunnel was soon covered with corrugated steel, with small doors at either end. These doors were later welded shut.

Specifications

The tunnel is {{convert|5080|ft|m}} long, {{convert|22|ft|3|in|m}} high above top of rail, and {{convert|30|ft|m}} wide. The roof is made of reinforced concrete.

Crook Point Proposal

A proposal to develop Crook Point, a stretch of shoreline from the Interstate 195 bridge (Washington Bridge) to the Henderson Bridge, was made by Brown University graduate and lawyer Robert Manchester. The proposal includes 400 housing units, 1,400 parking units and green open space. The plan would include a bus or tram running across the bridge and through the tunnel to bring people downtown. There might also be a stop between the two ends of the line at Thayer Street, owing to Brown University's proximity and the shopping on Thayer Street.^[5]

References

1. ^{{cite news| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E02E7DA1739E333A25755C1A9679D946997D6CF | work=The New York Times | title=PROVIDENCE TUNNEL OPENED.; Underground Way Only Partly Completed, but Suburban Trains Use It | date=November 16, 1908 | accessdate=May 1, 2010}}
2. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12712263/description_of_east_side_tunnel_project/| title=Providence. Work Planned for the Railroad Tunnel| newspaper=Boston Daily Globe| location=Boston, MA| date=December 31, 1905| page=112| via=Newspapers.com}}{{open access}}
3. ^{{cite web |url= http://students.brown.edu/College_Hill_Independent/?p=347 |title= Providence's Tunnel of Love: It's Not the Trolley Tunnel |date= November 20, 2008 |accessdate= 2013-09-05 |publisher=The College Hill Independent }}
4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.browndailyherald.com/2004/10/06/diamonds-coal-diamonds-coal-diamonds-coal-diamonds-and-coal/ |title= Diamonds & coal Diamonds & coal Diamonds & coal Diamonds and coal |date= October 6, 2004 |accessdate= 2013-09-05 |publisher= The Brown Daily Herald }}
5. ^Projo.com | Providence | Local News

External links

7 : Railroad tunnels in Rhode Island|Transportation in Providence, Rhode Island|Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island|Historic American Engineering Record in Rhode Island|Tunnels completed in 1908|1908 establishments in Rhode Island|Transportation buildings and structures in Providence County, Rhode Island