| 词条 | Eclipse-class cruiser | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
For the 1867 class of sloop (later corvette) see: Eclipse-class sloop The Eclipse-class cruisers were a class of nine second-class protected cruisers constructed for the Royal Navy in the mid-1890s. Design and descriptionThese ships were enlarged and improved versions of the preceding Astraea class. The Eclipse-class ships were {{convert|373|ft|m|1}} long overall, had a beam of {{convert|53|ft|6|in|m}} and a draught of {{convert|20|ft|6|in|m|1}}. They displaced {{convert|5600|LT|t|lk=in}} at normal load. To reduce biofouling, the hulls of the ships were sheathed with wood and copper. Their crew consisted of 450 officers and enlisted men. Their metacentric height was approximately {{convert|3|ft|m|1}}.[1] The Eclipse-class ships were powered by two inverted triple-expansion steam engines using steam generated by eight cylindrical boilers at a pressure of {{convert|155|psi|kPa kg/cm2|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}. Using normal draught, the boilers were intended to provide the engines with enough steam to generate {{convert|8000|ihp|lk=in}} and to reach a speed of {{convert|18.5|kn|lk=in}}; using forced draft, the equivalent figures were {{convert|9600|ihp}} and a speed of {{convert|19.5|kn}}. During their sea trials, all of the lightly loaded ships exceeded their specifications and reached a top speed of {{convert|20|kn}}. They carried a maximum of {{convert|1075|LT|t}} of coal.[2] The ships carried five 40-calibre {{convert|6|in|mm|sing=on|sigfig=3}} quick-firing (QF) guns in single mounts protected by gun shields. One gun was mounted on the forecastle, two on the quarterdeck and one pair was abreast the bridge.[3] They fired {{convert|100|lb|kg|adj=on|0}} shells at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2205|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}.[4] The secondary armament consisted of six 40-calibre {{convert|4.7|in|mm|adj=on}} guns; three on each broadside. Their {{convert|45|lb|kg|adj=on|1}} shells were fired at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2125|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}.[5] Defense against torpedo boats was provided by eight QF 12-pounder 12 cwt[6] guns and six {{convert|47|mm|adj=on}} three-pounder Hotchkiss guns. Four of the 12-pounders were mounted in the sides of the hull fore and aft while the remaining four guns were interspersed between the 4.7-inch guns. The three-pounders were mounted in the fighting tops, three in each one.[7] The 12-pounders fired {{convert|3|in|adj=on|0}}, {{convert|12.5|lb|adj=on}} projectiles at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2359|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}.[8] The ships also equipped with three 18-inch torpedo tubes, one submerged tube on each broadside and one above water in the stern.[9] The ammunition supply consisted of 200 six-inch rounds per gun, 250 shells for each 4.7-inch gun, 300 rounds per gun for the 12-pounders and 500 for each three-pounder. Each ship also carried ten torpedoes, presumably four for each broadside tube and two for the stern tube.[10] Between 1903 and 1905, all of the ships in the class except for Eclipse had their mixed armament replaced with a more uniform armament of eleven 6-inch, nine 12-pounders and seven 3-pounder guns.[11] The primary protection of the Eclipse class was its sloping armoured deck. This ranged in thickness from {{convert|1.5|to|3|in}}, with its slopes being {{convert|2.5|in}} thick. It covered an area six inches above the waterline to {{convert|5|ft|m|1}} below it. The engines were protected by a six-inch armoured hatch that extended above the armoured deck. The gun shields for the six-inch guns were three inches thick and the conning tower's armour was six inches thick.[7] {{clear|left}}Ships
Notes1. ^McBride, pp. 138–39 2. ^McBride, pp. 137–39 3. ^McBride, p. 137 4. ^Friedman, pp. 87–88 5. ^Friedman, p. 92 6. ^"Cwt" is the abbreviation for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun. 7. ^1 McBride, pp. 137–38 8. ^Friedman, p. 114 9. ^Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 78 10. ^McBride, p. 139 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 McBride, p. 138 Footnotes{{reflist|2}}References
External links{{Commonscat-inline|Eclipse class cruiser}}
2 : Eclipse-class cruisers|Cruiser classes |
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