| 词条 | E. C. Manning Provincial Park |
| 释义 |
| name = E.C. Manning Provincial Park | iucn_category =II | photo = HikingIntoMeadow 1150H.jpg | photo_caption = Hiking the sub-alpine meadows in Manning Park. | map = British Columbia geo | map_caption = Location of Manning Park in British Columbia | location = British Columbia, Canada | nearest_town = Hope, British Columbia, Princeton, British Columbia, Eastgate, British Columbia, Sunshine Valley, British Columbia | coordinates = {{coords|49|4|0|N|120|47|0|W|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|70,844|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | established = 1941 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = BC Parks }} E.C. Manning Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is usually referred to as Manning Park, although that nomenclature is also used to refer to the resort and ski area at the park's core. The park is 70,844 hectares (273.53 square miles). History and conservationThe earliest human use of the land was by the coastal native peoples of British Columbia who, by travelling the route of the present day Skyline Trail accessed the Upper Similkameen Valley. The first European in the area was 1813 and was explored and mapped in 1827 by Archibald McDonald. Access to the area prior to the Great Depression was extremely limited due to a lack of any kind of developed roads or trails over the Cascade Mountains (other than the Dewdney Trail, far to the North). In 1929, the construction of a Road through the area was begun as a work project for the unemployed, but did not get completed. When the Canadian government began the internment of Japanese Canadians following the Attack on Pearl Harbor, one camp was formed in the present day Sunshine Valley, and the workers built the current Hope-Princeton highway, which was completed in 1949. The current route of the Hope-Princeton highway follows the route of the Allison Pass Trail, which was constructed in 1859-1860. The approximate route of the current Hope-Princeton highway was considered by the Great Northern Railroad, which led to much land being purchased along the predicted route prior to the formation of the park. The earliest form of the park was established in 1931 as the Three Brothers Mountain Reserve to prevent overgrazing, and eventually this became the three brothers game reserve in 1936. In 1941, the park was formed as Three Brothers Mountain Park, a Class A Provincial Park.[1] The park was soon thereafter named in memory of Ernest Callaway Manning, Chief Forester of British Columbia from 1936 to 1941 (not to be confused with Ernest C. Manning, Premier of Alberta from 1943 to 1968). Mr. Manning was killed in an airplane accident in 1941. During his time as Chief Forester he was instrumental in developing the idea of setting land aside for future generations to enjoy. It was the teamwork of Manning and Arthur Wellesley Gray, Minister of Lands from 1933 to 1944, that established Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Hamber Provincial Park, Wells Gray Provincial Park, and E.C. Manning Provincial Park.[2] Over the years, Manning Park has decreased in size, the most noticeable change being the park boundary in the east. Originally, the park included Similkameen Falls, but due to mine claims and private land ownership, the boundaries have since been moved more than four kilometers west.[3] The terrain in the park, which includes most of the Hozameen Range sub-range of the Canadian Cascades, varies from wet coastal rain forests, to jagged snow-capped peaks, alpine meadows filled with wildflowers, to a chain of small lakes, and broad river beds along the valley floors. A network of trails crosses the park, some of them following routes used by the fur trade and native hunters and traders. The park is best known for its midsummer displays of subalpine flowers, but there are other flora such as at Rhododendron Flats, near the park's western entrance, which has a substantial colony of pinkish-red rhododendrons, a protected indigenous species that blooms in early- to mid-June. Some of the less common species the park aims to protect are the mountain beaver and the wolverine. Manning Park ResortThe park contains a resort with a capacity a little under one thousand. The resort operator maintains the hotel buildings, restaurants, cabins, chalets, as well as the campgrounds, on contract from the British Columbia Government. The Resort first opened in the late 1950s with the construction of the Hope-Princeton Highway. The original hotel building was a small motel near the current location of the Pinewoods Restaurant. In the 1960s, the resort began ski operations, attempting multiple rope-tow setups, one near the location of the present-day Blue Chairlift. In 1969 and 1972, the Orange and Blue chairlifts opened, respectively. The hill has operated December–March yearly since the early 1960s without interruption. Today the resort manages Gibson Pass Ski Area. The resort was operated by the Provincial Government (along with other Ski Resorts in the Province) until the mid-1980s, when the properties were sold off. In 2009, the resort and ski hill entered receivership and, after $4.2 million of debt, announced indefinite closure on April 1, 2013.[4] However, on April 18, the operator of Sunshine Valley RV Resort purchased the hill and resort for an undisclosed amount. The resort operations have now been fully restored.[5] As of the Summer of 2013, the resort facilities are fully operational, and the ski hill was fully opened for the 2015-2016 season. In the Spring of 2016, the resort began construction on its first expansion in a decade (the last being Loon Lagoon), with an addition being constructed on the restaurant to cater to the expanding popularity of Manning Provincial Park as a wedding venue. As of September 2017, work is underway to further the resort with the addition of five new rental cabins. RecreationThe park is also the northern terminus of the Pacific Crest Trail. LocationThe park stretches for 58 km from portal to portal. The western portal is 26 km east of Hope, British Columbia and the eastern portal is 52 km west of Princeton, British Columbia. The core area of the park is located 68 km east of Hope and 68 km west of Princeton and is less than 5 km from the US border. WildlifeThere is a large variety of wildlife in the park, including black bears and ground squirrels. Major riversSeveral major rivers originate in passes and meadows within the park. The Skagit River, a major stream that runs into Puget Sound in the state of Washington, originates at the west side of Allison Pass and flows northwest alongside Highway 3 until it reaches its confluence with the Sumallo River at Sumallo Grove, where it turns southwest and exits the park into Skagit Valley Provincial Park. Just under half of the Sumallo River's course is within the park; it enters the park at West Gate, which is near the small town of Sunshine Valley. It too follows Highway 3 within the park, following it southeast to its confluence with the Skagit. The lower reaches of the small Skaist River, often mistakenly called Skaist Creek, are within the park. The Skaist flows into the Skagit directly across the valley from Silverdaisy Mountain. The Similkameen River, the largest tributary of the Okanagan River, starts on the west slopes of Nicomen Ridge in the northern regions of the park and flows southeast then northeast through the park, following Highway 3 closely until exiting the park at East Gate. {{wide image|Mountain view.JPG|2000px}}See also{{commonscat}}
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Lorraine|title=Manning Park: An All-Seasons Playground|date=1984|publisher=Hancock House Publishers Ltd.|location=Surrey, British Columbia|isbn=0-88839-972-3|pages=8–12}} 2. ^Neave, Roland (2015). Exploring Wells Gray Park, 6th edition. Wells Gray Tours, Kamloops, BC. {{ISBN|978-0-9681932-2-8}}. 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Lorraine|title=Manning Park: An All-Seasons Playground|date=1984|publisher=Hancock House Publishers Ltd.|location=Surrey, British Columbia|isbn=0-88839-972-3|pages=6–7}} 4. ^{{cite news|last=Pynn|first=Larry|title=Manning Park Resort to close indefenitely April 1st unless buyer found|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/financially+troubled+manning+park+resort+close+indefinitely+april/8120885/story.html|accessdate=19 April 2013|newspaper=Vancouver Sun|date=March 26, 2013}} 5. ^{{cite news|last=Crawford|first=Tiffany|title=Manning Park ski resort sold for undisclosed amount |url=https://vancouversun.com/news/Manning+Park+resort+sold+undisclosed+amount/8267027/story.html|accessdate=19 April 2013|newspaper=Vancouver Sun|date=19 April 2013}} External links{{Wikivoyage|Manning Provincial Park}}
7 : Lower Mainland|Provincial Parks of British Columbia|Similkameen Country|Canadian Cascades|Ski areas and resorts in British Columbia|1941 establishments in British Columbia|Protected areas established in 1941 |
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