| 词条 | Eco-municipality |
| 释义 |
"Eco-municipality" has a specific meaning. For a more general discussion of the sustainability of cities, see Sustainable city. An eco-municipality or eco-town is a local government area that has adopted ecological and social justice values in its charter. The development of eco-municipalities stems from changing systems in Sweden, where more than seventy municipal governments have accepted varying principles of sustainability in their operations as well as community-wide decision making processes.[1] The purpose of these policies is to increase the overall sustainability of the community. The distinction between an eco-municipality and other sustainable development projects (such as green building and alternative energy) is the focus on community involvement and social transformation in a public agency as well as the use of a holistic systems approach. An eco-municipality is one that recognizes that issues of sustainability are key to all decisions made by government. [2] HistoryIn 1983 the Övertorneå community of Sweden first adopted an Eco-municipality framework followed by a formal organization in 1995 (SEKOM). FrameworkIn becoming an eco-municipality, cities or towns typically adopt a resolution, based on the Natural Step framework (or Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD)), which sets the following objectives:
Municipalities adopting frameworkCommunities in North America, Europe and Africa ranging in size from villages of 300 to cities of 700,000 have become eco-municipalities. In Sweden, over one hundred municipalities have officially become eco-municipalities. They have formed a national association of eco-municipalities to assist one another and work to influence national policy. Whistler, BC, was awarded first place in a United Nations-endorsed international competition for sustainable communities. Its long-term sustainability plan, Whistler 2020, is based on the Natural Step framework.[4] In Wisconsin, there is a growing eco-municipality movement which began in the Chequamegon Bay region. As of November 2007, twelve local communities had formally adopted eco-municipality resolutions. The resolutions state the community's intention to become an eco-municipality, endorsing the Natural Step sustainability principles and framework as a guide.[5] See also
Notes1. ^Miranda Spencer (September 22, 2005) Building Sustainable Cities: Scandinavia's "Eco-Municipalities" Show the Way.sustainablebusiness.com. Retrieved on: November 5, 2007. 2. ^Torbjorn Lahti and Sarah James (May 17, 2005) The Eco-municipality Model for Sustainable Community Change: A systems approach to creating sustainable communities {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807163009/http://www.wisconsinplanners.org/Ecomunicipalities/EcoMunicipalitySynopsis.pdf |date=2008-08-07 }}. Retrieved on: November 5, 2007 3. ^Alliance for Sustainability Ashland, WI and Duluth, MN become Sustainable Cities {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903103742/http://www.afs.nonprofitoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7B2E02B44E-ED9D-4C45-B7C7-A670267AE29A%7D&DE=%7B037A8207-109E-46C0-B083-E96FD3882316%7D |date=2011-09-03 }}. Retrieved on: February 10, 2008. 4. ^Sustain Dane Eco-municipalities: Where Are They?. Retrieved on: February 10, 2008. 5. ^1,000 Friends of Wisconsin. Eco-municipalities: A Model for Sustainable Communities in Wisconsin. Retrieved on: February 10, 2008. References
External links
11 : Sustainable design|Sustainable communities|Environmental planning|Landscape architecture|Utopian communities|Urban studies and planning terminology|Environmental design|Simple living|Intentional communities|Words coined in the 1980s|Community building |
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