| 词条 | E. C. Pielou |
| 释义 |
| name = Evelyn Chrystalla Pielou | image = Chris Pielou.png | caption = Evelyn Chrystalla Pielou in the Meadows above Kelowna and Okanagan Lake in spring. | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|2|20}} | birth_place = Bognor Regis, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2016|7|16|1924|2|20}} | death_place = Comox, British Columbia | spouse = Patrick Pielou | residence = Comox, British Columbia }}Evelyn Chrystalla "E.C." Pielou (February 20, 1924 – July 16, 2016) was a Canadian statistical ecologist. She began her career as a researcher for the Canadian Department of Forestry (1963–64) and the Canadian Department of Agriculture (1964–67). Later she was professor of biology at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario (1968–71) and at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia (1974–81) and then Oil Sands Environmental Research Professor working out of the University of Lethbridge, Alberta (1981–86). Pielou was the second woman to win the Eminent Ecologist Award (1986) from the Ecological Society of America. She has contributed significantly to the development of mathematical ecology, the mathematical modeling of natural systems, and wrote six academic books on the subject. She lived in Comox, British Columbia, Canada, and wrote popular books on natural history until her death in July, 2016.[1] ContributionsPielou's EvennessPielou’s evenness[2] is an index that measures diversity along with species richness. While species richness is the number of different species in a given area, evenness is the count of individuals of each species in an area. A calculated value of Pielou’s evenness ranges from 0 (no evenness) to 1 (complete evenness). When taken into account along with other indices such as Simpson’s index or Shannon’s index, a more thorough description of a community’s structure can be interpreted.[3] Mathematical EcologyPielou’s approach added mathematical modelling to ecology.[4] Quantifiable analyses could be done with theoretical ecology in areas like population and community ecology. Mathematics would provide insight into, for example, which factors are most significant to ecosystem stability and by how much compared to others.[5] One of Pielou’s papers mentioned the importance and uses of mathematical modelling in ecology as well as their limitations.[6] Population dynamics was better explained as to why they behaved in the ways that they did through modelling. Predictions to an ecosystem’s behaviour and its outcomes became more of an explanation as to why, rather than simply a forecast, through the use of such models. If a model was unrealistic, it did not mean that it was wrong. Mathematical modelling allowed the creation of new hypotheses looking into why the model did not match observations. An outcome was not always one or the other, as it might have been different due to unforeseen circumstances or conditions initially thought as unimportant. This allowed mathematical models in ecology to be used as a standard for comparisons with other systems. No two ecosystems are identical, and the significant differences between them could be more easily identified. Scholarly books
Popular books
References1. ^{{cite news |title=Chris Pielou (Saturday, 16 Jul 2016 ) |url=http://www.campbellrivermirror.com/mobile/obits/?id=10047784 |newspaper=Campbell River Mirror |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918064100/http://www.campbellrivermirror.com/mobile/obits/?id=10047784 |archivedate=2016-09-18 |df= }} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://sciencing.com/calculate-species-evenness-2851.html|title=How to Calculate Species Evenness|last=|first=|date=2017|website=Sciencing|access-date=}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Heip|first=Carlo|last2=Herman|first2=Peter|date=2001|title=Indices of diversity and evenness|url=|journal=Océanis|volume=24|pages=61–87|issn=0182-0745|via=}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=1987|title=Eminent Ecologist, E. C. Pielou|url=|journal=The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America|volume=68|pages=30–31|doi=10.2307/20166558|via=Wiley Online Library}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://methodsblog.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/ec-pielou/#more-5655|title=A Homage to EC Pielou: One of the 20th Century’s Most Accomplished Scientists|last=|first=|date=2017|website=British Ecological Society|access-date=}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Pielou|first=EC|date=1981|title=The Usefulness of Ecological Models: A Stock-Taking|url=|journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology|volume=56|pages=17–31}} External links
7 : 1924 births|2016 deaths|Mathematical ecologists|Canadian ecologists|Dalhousie University faculty|Women ecologists|Fellows of the Ecological Society of America |
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