| 词条 | Ecuadorian Americans |
| 释义 |
| image = | pop= 712,084 (2015 American Community Survey)[1] 0.22% of the U.S. population (2015)[1] | popplace = New York City, Northern New Jersey,[2] Connecticut, Florida, California, and much of Texas (including Houston and Dallas) | langs = American English, Spanish | rels = Major: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism Minor: Judaism | related = }} Ecuadorian Americans ({{lang-es|ecuatorio-americanos}}, {{lang|es|norteamericanos de origen ecuatoriano}} or {{lang|es|estadounidenses de origen ecuatoriano}}) are Americans of full or partial Ecuadorian ancestry. Ecuadorian Americans can be White, Mestizo, Afro-Ecuadorian, Indigenous, Mulato, or Zambo. Some Ecuadorians are also of Lebanese, Sephardic and Japanese descent. HistoryUntil the 1960s, very few Ecuadorians migrated to the United States. Between the years of 1930 to 1959, 11,025 Ecuadorians received lawful permanent resident status in the United States.[3] From here, slow trickles of emigration continued. Trade relations with and seasonal migration to New York became an avenue for emigration in the 1950s and 1960s. In the late 1960s, several waves of migration started. Most Ecuadorian immigration to the United States has occurred since the early 1970s. This emigration was because of several reasons: The first of them was that United States immigration law changed. Before 1965, national quotas on immigrants favored more European immigration than Latin American immigration. After 1965, changes in immigration law made it easier for Latin Americans and other foreign groups to emigrate to United States. In addition, the price of air travel lowered making immigration more accessible to Latin Americans. They were drawn to the U.S. for economic opportunities and political freedoms. Another factor in Ecuadorian emigration was the 1964 Ecuadorian land reform. This improved the lives of many Ecuadorian poor, but also had far-reaching and unpredictable consequences.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Many new small landowners were forced to sell their land.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Many landowners abandoned their land and migrated to countries like Spain, Venezuela, and the United States. In the early 1980s, Ecuadorian emigration also saw a spike as oil prices fell, and again emigration peaked in the political turmoil of 1996-97 and national banking crisis of 1998-99. In 1986, the Immigration Reform and Control Act legalized the status of 16,292 Ecuadorians in the United States, which became a major source of family-sponsored Ecuadorian migration to the country Most immigrants who live in the United States send money home. Many immigrants get American citizenship, others simply are legalized, while other groups live illegally, crossing the border from Mexico or entering by boat from Puerto Rico. Ecuadorian Americans come from every part of Ecuador. During the 1970s, most of the Ecuadorians came from the northern and central highlands, including the area around Quito. In the 1980s, many Ecuadorians came from the coast. In the 1990s, most of them came from the southern highlands, near the border with Peru. The majority of Ecuadorian immigrants emigrate into New York City and its surrounding suburbs. The 1990 census recorded that 60 percent of Ecuadorians living in the United States live in the New York City Metropolitan Area; while another 10% live in Miami.[4] Ecuadorian Return MigrationIn 2008, the Great World Recession made for a decline in Ecuadorian emigration. This event also hindered two of Ecuador’s major cash flows: remittances and exports. To aid in the country's recovery, Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa implemented the Welcome Home Plan. The plan fights unemployment and serves to boost the economy by encouraging migrants to come home through various ways, including aiding returnees in their own business ventures.[5] DemographicsMany Ecuadorians in the United States have settled in cities such as New York City (most residing in various areas of Queens, as well as in Bushwick, Brooklyn and Fordham, Bronx); Ossining, New York; Hudson, New York; Washington Heights, Manhattan; Danbury, Connecticut; Jersey City, New Jersey; Union City, New Jersey; Newark, New Jersey; Plainfield, New Jersey; Chicago, Illinois; Orlando, Florida; Tampa, Florida; Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Miami, Florida; Houston, Texas; Dallas, Texas; San Antonio, Texas; Minneapolis, Minnesota; San Francisco, California; Los Angeles, California; and Cleveland, Ohio. Queens County's percentage of Ecuadorians is about 4.7%, and it has the largest Ecuadorian community of any county in New York and in the United States, numbering just about 101,000 in 2010. Ecuadorians are the largest South American Latino group in New York City as well as in the State of New York.[6] Ecuadorians are the fourth largest Latino group in New York after Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Mexicans. Ecuadorians also constitute Queens County's largest Latino group. Another New York group of Ecuadorians live in the Bronx, in the Morris Heights and Highbridge neighborhoods north of Yankee Stadium. Still other Ecuadorian neighborhoods are situated in Brooklyn; in New Jersey cities such as Newark and Jersey City; and in towns in Connecticut.[6] States with highest Ecuadorian populationThe 10 states with the largest Ecuadorian population were (Source: Census 2010[7]):
The U.S. state with the smallest Ecuadorian population (as of 2010) was North Dakota with 55 Ecuadorians (less than 0.1% of state population). US Metro areas with largest Ecuadorian populationThe largest Ecuadorian populations are found within these areas (Source: Census 2010)
US communities with high percentages of people of Ecuadorian ancestryThe top 25 US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Ecuadorian ancestry (as of the 2000 census, 2010 numbers in parenthesis) are:[8]
U.S. communities with the most residents born in EcuadorThe top 25 U.S. communities with the most residents born in Ecuador are:[9]
Notable people{{Americans}}
See also
References1. ^1 US Census Bureau 2015 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN retrieved September 22, 2016. {{Ecuadorian diaspora}}{{Hispanics/Latinos}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/in-north-jersey-s-ecuadorean-community-excruciating-worry-1.1547014|title=In North Jersey's Ecuadorean community, excruciating worry|author=Monsy Alvarado|publisher=North Jersey Media Group|date=April 18, 2016|accessdate=April 18, 2016}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.dhs.gov/immigrationstatistics|title=Immigration Data & Statistics|date=2012-07-19|work=Department of Homeland Security|access-date=2018-03-04|language=en}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security|accessdate=2013-02-21}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/ecuador-mass-emigration-returnmigration|title=Ecuador: From Mass Emigration to Return Migration?|last=Jokisch|first=Brad|date=November 24, 2014|website=Migration Policy Institute|access-date=March 3, 2018}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|author=Jeremy Mumford|year=2010|url=http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Du-Ha/Ecuadoran-Americans.html|title=A Countries and Their Cultures: Ecuatorians Americans|publisher= Countries and their cultures|accessdate= December 10, 2011}} 7. ^American FactFinder - QT-P10: Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/ancestry/Ecuadorian.html |title=Ancestry Map of Ecuadorian Communities |publisher=Epodunk.com |accessdate=2008-07-29}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.city-data.com/top2/h156.html |title=Top 101 cities with the most residents born in Ecuador (population 500+) |publisher=city-data.com |accessdate=2008-07-30}} 10. ^If The Glove Fits: Charles Castronovo & The Rake’s Progress. Royal Opera 7-18 July 11. ^Bizarrecovers 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://theathletic.com/394931/2018/06/16/silent-car-rides-a-growing-bond-and-the-second-chance-that-will-make-this-fathers-day-special-for-rick-and-vinnie-hinostroza/|title=Silent car rides, a growing bond and the second chance that...|last=Powers|first=Scott|website=The Athletic|access-date=2019-01-21}} 13. ^{{cite news | first= Tony | last= Castro | url= http://wave.blackpressusa.com/news/Article/Article.asp?NewsID=21299&sID=4 | title= Eastside Mourns Death of Pacheco's Top Aide | publisher= WAVE Community Newspapers | date= January 14, 2003 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4 : American people of Ecuadorian descent|Ecuadorian American|Hispanic and Latino American|Ecuadorian diaspora |
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