| 词条 | Eddie Mannix |
| 释义 |
| name = Eddie Mannix | image = File:1935 Eddie Mannix.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Mannix in 1935 | birth_name = Joseph Edgar Allen John Mannix | birth_date = {{birth date|1891|02|25|mf=yes}} | birth_place = Fort Lee, New Jersey, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1963|08|30|1891|02|25|mf=yes}} | death_place = Beverly Hills, California, U.S. | resting_place = Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California | other_names = Edgar Joseph Mannix | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Film studio executive, producer | years_active = | known_for = | spouse = Bernice Fitzmaurice (1916–1938; her death) Toni Mannix (1951–1963; his death) }} Joseph Edgar Allen John "Eddie" Mannix (February 25, 1891 – August 30, 1963) was an American film studio executive and producer. He is remembered for his work protecting Hollywood stars as a "fixer", a person paid to disguise details of the stars' often colorful private lives to maintain their public image.[1] Among his most lasting contributions to Hollywood was a ledger he maintained that lists the costs and revenues of every MGM film produced between 1924 and 1962, an important reference for film historians. Early lifeMannix was born in Fort Lee, New Jersey, the son of John and Lizzie (née Striker) Mannix. Christened Joseph Edgar Allen John Mannix, he used Edgar Joseph Mannix as his official name, but was known to most associates as Eddie. CareerAfter working as a bouncer and then treasurer of the Palisades Amusement Park, he became involved in motion picture exhibition, eventually working his way up to general manager within MGM in the 1920s.[2][3] The Eddie Mannix Ledger is in the Margaret Herrick Library, at Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study.[4] Personal lifeMannix was married twice and had no children. He married Bernice Fitzmaurice in 1916. Mannix had numerous affairs during the marriage but the couple remained married due to their Catholicism.[5] However, in late 1937, Bernice petitioned for divorce claiming that Mannix physically abused her and also cited the affairs. Before the divorce was officially filed, Bernice died in a car accident outside Palm Springs, California on November 18, 1937.[6] After Bernice's death, Mannix began living with actress and Ziegfeld Follies dancer Toni Lanier with whom he had been having an affair. They married in May 1951 and remained married until Mannix's death in 1963.[7] Mannix was tangentially associated with the death of actor George Reeves, the star of the Adventures of Superman television series.[8] Reeves had begun having an affair with Mannix's wife Toni in 1951.[9] Mannix reportedly approved of the affair,[10] which was considered an open secret in Hollywood, as he was involved in a long-time affair with a Japanese woman.[11] As Mannix and his wife were Catholics who did not believe in divorce, the arrangement continued for the next several years.[9] Reeves ended the affair in early 1959 and soon became engaged to socialite Leonore Lemmon, which devastated Toni. Reeves died of a gunshot wound to the head at his home on June 16, 1959. His death was ruled a suicide, but controversy surrounding that ruling and the circumstances of his death began. Rumors arose that Mannix, who was also rumored to have had mafia connections, had Reeves killed for hurting his wife.[12] Kashner and Schoenberger's partially fictionalized biography Hollywood Kryptonite states as unsourced fact that Lanier, via Eddie Mannix's criminal connections, ordered Reeves murdered.[12] This theory was endorsed by publicist Edward Lozzi, who stated in 1999 that he had witnessed Toni's deathbed confession.[12] During his career at MGM Mannix apparently also left a trail of forced abortions, sham marriages and several other unsolved murders in his wake.[13] Later years and deathMannix suffered from a weak heart. By 1959, he had survived several heart attacks and used a wheelchair.[11] On August 30, 1963, he died of a heart attack at his Beverly Hills home at the age of 72.[14] He is buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, Los Angeles County.[7] In popular cultureBob Hoskins portrayed Mannix in the 2006 biographical film Hollywoodland, based on the life and death of Adventures of Superman actor George Reeves, who is played in the film by Ben Affleck.[15]In June 2014, Universal Pictures announced they had acquired the rights to distribute Hail, Caesar!, a heavily fictionalized comedic film very loosely based on Mannix's career. Hail, Caesar! was released on February 5, 2016.[15][16] Joel and Ethan Coen wrote and directed the film, and Josh Brolin portrayed Mannix.[17] The film contains several references to real-life Hollywood history, but the Mannix character depicted is patriarch of a quiet family with two children and a doting housemaker wife (portrayed by Alison Pill), and his office door reveals his first name to be Edward. Eddie Mannix is a minor character in the Gore Vidal novel Myron. Eddie Mannix is Louis B. Mayer’s right hand man in "When Garbo Talks!" a 2010 world premiere musical at Long Beach Performing Arts Center where LB and Eddie trick Swedish director Mauritz Stiller into bringing Greta Garbo to Hollywood as a contract player for MGM.[18][19] See also
References1. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/10750247/Mickey-Rooneys-amazing-sex-life.html | title=Mickey Rooney's amazing sex life | first=Gaby | last=Wood | work=The Telegraph | date=April 7, 2014 | accessdate=February 1, 2015}} 2. ^{{cite book | last=Eyman | first=Scott | title=Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jid5xNh89wgC&pg=PA130 | date=23 June 2008 | publisher=Simon and Schuster | isbn=978-1-4391-0791-1 | page=130}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/you_must_remember_this/2015/11/eddie_mannix_mgm_s_fixer_and_the_scandal_of_patricia_douglas.html | work=Slate | title=The Fixer: MGM's Eddie Mannix and the lives he ruined | first=Karina | last=Longworth | date=November 6, 2015}} 4. ^https://www.worldcat.org/title/ej-mannix-ledger/oclc/801258228 5. ^{{cite book|last=Fleming|first=E. J.|title=The Fixers: Eddie Mannix, Howard Strickling and the MGM Publicity Machine|year=2004|publisher=McFarland|isbn=0-786-45495-4|pages=24–25}} 6. ^{{harv|Fleming|2004|pp=173–174}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal|url=https://archive.org/stream/boxofficejulsep183boxo#page/n419/mode/2up|title=Edgar Mannix is Dead' Retired MGM Veteran|work=Motion Picture Herald|publisher=Associated Publications|date=September 9, 1963|accessdate=March 23, 2016}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Signature Entertainment Memorabilia Auction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pum3Og4uerEC&pg=PA28|year=2006|publisher=Heritage Capital Corporation|isbn=978-1-59967-036-2|page=28}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|last=Tye|first=Larry|title=Superman: The High-Flying History of America's Most Enduring Hero|year=2013|publisher=Random House Trade Paperbacks|isbn=0-812-98077-8|page=153}} 10. ^Ward, Larry Thomas. Truth, Justice, & The American Way: The Life and Times of Noel Neill, The Original Lois Lane, Nicholas Lawrence Books, 2003. {{ISBN|0-9729466-0-8}}. p. 83 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11335273/Was-the-original-Superman-typecast-to-death.html|title=Was the original Superman typecast to death?|last=Wood|first=Gaby|date=January 11, 2015|publisher=telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/nov/18/features.weekend1 | title=Who killed Superman? | date=November 18, 2006 | first=John | last=Patterson | work=The Guardian | accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 13. ^Gibraltar Chronicle; 22 February 2019; Page 11; Acting that speaks louder than words: the enduring appeal of silent movies 14. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19630831&id=zEtQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=41YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2866,4795435|title=End Of An Era|date=August 31, 1963|work=The Evening Independent|pages=3–A|accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 15. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/jun/10/josh-brolin-joins-clooney-in-coen-brothers-hail-caesar|title=Josh Brolin joins George Clooney for Coen brothers' Hail Caesar|last=Childs|first=Ben|date=June 10, 2014|publisher=theguardian.com|accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/10/29/george-clooney-coen-brothers-hail-caesar-release|title=George Clooney's Coen brothers comedy 'Hail, Caesar!' gets February 2016 release|last=Blake|first=Emily|date=October 29, 2014|publisher=ew.com|accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2014/06/09/josh-brolin-to-star-with-george-clooney-in-coen-brothers-hail-caesar|title=Josh Brolin to star with George Clooney in Coen brothers' 'Hail, Caesar!'|last=Bahr|first=Lindsey|date=June 9, 2014|publisher=ew.com|accessdate=February 8, 2015}} 18. ^http://whengarbotalks.com/index.html 19. ^http://whengarbotalks.com/external%20sites/When%20Garbo%20Talks!%20Comes%20To%20ICT,%20Previews%20Begin%2010%2012%202010%2009%2020.htm External links{{commons category|Eddie Mannix}}
13 : 1891 births|1963 deaths|20th-century American businesspeople|Film producers from California|American Roman Catholics|American film studio executives|Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City|Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer executives|People from Fort Lee, New Jersey|People from Beverly Hills, California|Catholics from California|Catholics from New Jersey|Film producers from New Jersey |
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