| 词条 | Edward C. Banfield |
| 释义 |
}}Edward Christie Banfield (November 19, 1916 – September 30, 1999) was an American political scientist, best known as the author of The Moral Basis of a Backward Society (1958), and The Unheavenly City (1970). One of the leading scholars of his generation, Banfield was an adviser to three Republican presidents: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan. Banfield began his academic career at the University of Chicago, where he was a friend and colleague of Leo Strauss and Milton Friedman.[1] In 1959, Banfield went to Harvard, where he remained for the rest of his career except for a brief tenure at the University of Pennsylvania.[2] FamilyBanfield grew up on a farm in Bloomfield, Connecticut and attended the University of Connecticut, where he studied English and agriculture. His wife, Laura Fasano Banfield, learned Italian as a child, and she helped her husband with his book about a poor village in Southern Italy (The Moral Basis of a Backward Society). She also collaborated with Harvey Mansfield on a translation of Niccolò Machiavelli's Florentine Histories. She died in 2006. Banfield’s son, Elliott, is an artist/designer/cartoonist in New York City; his daughter, Laura, is founding partner of law firm Hoguet, Newman, & Regal, LLP and the mother of three daughters, Laura Kosar, Helen LaCroix, and Marie Hoguet. Involvement with government aid programsBanfield worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Farm Security Administration, traveled in the West, and observed the effects of government projects.[3] Although he initially supported President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, Banfield gradually became skeptical of government attempts to construct housing, support the arts, etc. Well before Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs, Banfield had decided that government aid to the poor would make the givers of aid feel virtuous, but would not improve the lives of the receivers of aid. He argued that "the real reason for the passage" of the legislation establishing the National Endowment for the Arts "was, and is, to benefit... the culture industry of New York City."[4] Banfield's views were controversial, and The Unheavenly City sparked much debate. According to MacInnes, Banfield made a simple and well-documented case that the problems played out in ghetto neighborhoods were a consequence of concentrated lower-class populations. Race was not the critical issue, he said. The black poor, Banfield suggested, were no different from other (white) lower-class Americans: they had no fondness for work, no strong family ties, an easy acceptance of criminal behavior, no brief for schooling, and no future perspective. Banfield argued that even well-pruned government programs could not undo the harm caused by class differences.[5] His Harvard colleagues described him as "an individual with a strong and distinctive character that impressed itself on all who met him" and as a man who enjoyed " the delights of humor, long meals, and friendly company."[6] Banfield had "a reputation as a brilliant maverick", and his "books and articles had a sharp contrarian edge. He was a critic of almost every mainstream liberal idea in domestic policy, especially the use of federal aid to help relieve urban poverty.[7]" Banfield taught many conservative scholars, including James Q. Wilson and Thomas Sowell. He also taught Christopher DeMuth and Bruce Kovner, leading figures at the conservative think-tank, American Enterprise Institute. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1961.[8] Published works
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/49102936/Leo-Strauss-Remarks-at-Farewell-to-E-C-Banfield-on-Departure-from-Chicago-1959|title=Leo Strauss, “Remarks at Farewell to E.C. Banfield on Departure from Chicago,” 1959.|website=Scribd|language=en|access-date=2018-12-31}} 2. ^http://contemporarythinkers.org/edward-banfield/biography/ 3. ^Kosar, Kevin R. and Lee, Mordecai, “Defending a Controversial Agency: Edward C. Banfield As Farm Security Agency Public Relations Officer, 1941–1946, Federal History journal, January 2013 4. ^Kauffman, Bill (2009-03-23) The Artist as a Kept Man, The American Conservative 5. ^(MacInnes 1996:57) White Racism 6. ^{{cite web | author = Huntington | author2 = Maass | author3 = Wilson | title = Memorial Minutes: Edward C. Banfield | publisher = Harvard University Gazette | date = 2000-10-17 | url = https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2001/01/memorial-minutes/ | accessdate = 2006-11-23 }} 7. ^{{cite web | last = Bernstein | first = Richard | title = E. C. Banfield, 83, Maverick On Urban Policy Issues, Dies | publisher = New York Times | date = 1999-10-08 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F6061EFD38550C7B8CDDA90994D1494D81 | accessdate = 2006-11-23 }} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=May 17, 2011}} Further reading
External links
10 : 1916 births|1999 deaths|American political scientists|University of Connecticut alumni|Harvard University faculty|University of Chicago faculty|University of Pennsylvania faculty|People from Bloomfield, Connecticut|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Guggenheim Fellows |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。