| 词条 | Edward Henty |
| 释义 |
| name = Edward Henty | image = EdwardHenty.jpg | caption = State Library of South Australia | birth_date = {{birth date|1810|3|28|df=y}} | birth_place = Tarring, West Sussex, England | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1878|8|14|1810|3|28}} }} Edward Henty (28 March 1810 – 14 August 1878),[1] was a pioneer and first permanent settler in the Port Phillip district (later Victoria), Australia. Henty was born in Tarring, West Sussex, England, the fourth surviving son of Thomas Henty, who came of a well-known Sussex banking family, and his wife Frances Elizabeth Hopkins of Poling, West Sussex.[1] Thomas Henty inherited £30,000 on 21 years of age and bought the property generally called the Church Farm at West Tarring, and bred Merino sheep. Some of these were sent to Australia in 1821 and brought high prices. The family was a large one, eventually seven sons and one daughter grew to maturity, and it was thought that there might be better opportunities for the sons in Australia than in England. In 1829 James Henty, the eldest son, went to Western Australia with his two brothers, Stephen and John. They remained for two years and then left for Tasmania. In the meanwhile Thomas Henty had sold his English property and also sailed for Tasmania. He arrived at Launceston in April 1832 with three more of his sons, Charles, Edward and Francis. It was difficult to find suitable land in Tasmania and Edward was sent to explore the coast of the mainland. He reported that the district near Portland Bay had good possibilities, and after revisiting it with his father, it was decided that the land was suitable for settlement. Edward went first on the Thistle with labourers, stock, potatoes and seed. After a voyage of 34 days the Thistle arrived at Portland Bay on 19 November 1834 at 8 a.m.[2] Edward Henty told the anecdote,[3] {{cquote|"I stuck a plough into the ground, struck a she-oak root, and broke the point ; cleaned my gun, shot a kangaroo, mended the bellows, blew the forge fire, straightened the plough, and turned the first sod in Victoria"}}The second vessel brought Mr. Francis Henty, who landed on 11 December and in course of time Mr. Stephen and Mr. Thomas followed. Sheep were fetched across from Tasmania, pastures occupied, houses erected and land cultivated.[4] The Henty brothers also engaged on bay whaling at Portland in the 1830s. The whale oil and baleen taken from southern right whales was shipped to Tasmania for export to London.[5] The British government had been keen to have land taken up in Western Australia and the Henty′s had assumed no objections would be raised to their obtaining land in the Port Phillip district. The application was first made in 1834 and negotiations continued for many years. The father, Thomas Henty, died in 1839, and it was not until 1846 that the matter was finally settled, when the Hentys were allowed £348 for improvements at the port, and were granted {{convert|155|acre|km2}} of land valued at £1290. The remainder of their land they had to buy at auction. The attitude of the government at Sydney to new settlers may be illustrated by an extract from a dispatch of the governor, Sir George Gipps, to Lord John Russell, dated 11 April 1840. {{cquote|"The Messrs Henty, like the first settlers at Port Phillip, claim to have rendered good service to the government and to the colony of New South Wales by opening a district of country, which might otherwise have remained unoccupied for a number of years; but, so far from considering this any advantage, I look upon it as directly the reverse, not only because the dispersion of our population is increased by it, but because also we are forced prematurely to incur considerable expense in the formation of new establishments. I have already, in consequence of the proceedings of the Messrs Henty, been obliged to send two expeditions to Portland Bay, and I am now under the necessity of organizing a police force there, and of laying out a town, besides incurring expense for the protection of the aborigines."}}[6] The thought that the many thousands of pounds spent by the Hentys in developing the country might eventually be of benefit to the state had apparently not entered into the minds of the authorities. Neither could they have anticipated that the first sale of crown lands which took place a few months later would yield the sum of £17,245. Edward Henty was determined to continue with his settlement; his brother, Francis, had joined him in December 1834, and during the next five years other members of the family joined him, and gradually all of their horses, cattle and sheep were transferred from Tasmania. On 29 August 1836 the exploring party headed by Major Thomas Livingstone Mitchell reached Portland Bay and were amazed to find the country already colonised. In later years Edward Henty was fond of telling the story of Major Mitchell when he came to a hut, from which blows of a hammer rang, saying, "Where is Mr Henty, my man," and the reply of the burly blacksmith, "Here he is at your service."[6] From Major Mitchell Henty learned the character of the land to the north, and gradually he was able to acquire more land. In 1845 he had over 70,000 acres (280 km²). Sometimes the price of wool and sheep fell very low and it was impossible to sell either to advantage; but over the years the stations prospered. In 1855 Edward Henty was elected a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Normanby and was re-elected in 1859. He was defeated in 1861 and did not sit again in parliament. Henty's last years were spent in retirement at his Melbourne mansion 'Offington'[1] and he died on 14 August 1878. In October 1840 he married Annie Maria Gallie who survived him. They had no children. Edward Henty in addition to being the first permanent settler in Victoria was the founder of the wool industry in that colony. His portrait is in the historical collection at the Melbourne public library. Affiliations
See also
References1. ^1 2 Bassett, Marnie, 'Henty, Edward (1810 - 1878)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 531-534, Retrieved 2009-09-27 2. ^{{cite Australasia|Henty, Edward}} 3. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article64292478 |title=The History of Portland |newspaper=Portland Guardian |location=Vic. |date=16 June 1930 |accessdate=21 February 2012 |page=4|edition=Evening|via=National Library of Australia}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5944286 |title=Mr. Edward Henty |newspaper=The Argus |location=Melbourne |date=15 August 1878 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}} 5. ^Lynette Peel, The Henty Journals; a record of farming, whaling and shipping in Portland Bay, 1834-1839, Melbourne, 1996, pp.58-61. 6. ^1 {{Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=Edward|Last=Henty|shortlink=0-dict-biogHa-He.html#henty1|accessdate=2009-09-27}} External links
Further reading
10 : 1810 births|1878 deaths|Victoria (Australia) state politicians|People from Tarring, West Sussex|Portland, Victoria|19th-century Australian politicians|Australian whalers|Australian pastoralists|Australian ship owners|Settlers of Victoria (Australia) |
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