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词条 Edward Manning Bigelow
释义

  1. Biography

  2. References

Edward Manning Bigelow (1850–1916), known as the "father of Pittsburgh's parks",[1][2] was an American City Engineer and later Director of Public Works in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was responsible for major improvements in city's infrastructure, such as new boulevards, waterworks, and parks, many of them in today's Oakland neighborhood.[2][3]

Biography

Edward Manning Bigelow was born in Pittsburgh on 6 November 1850.[4] A Presbyterian, he attended Western University of Pennsylvania (today's University of Pittsburgh) as a civil engineering student.[4] In 1880 he married Mary Peabody; they had no children.[4]

In the late 19th century Pittsburgh became a boomtown, known as a Steel City for its high concentration of steel mills. Bigelow, a close friend of Andrew Carnegie,[4] joined the city administration and was appointed City Engineer in 1880.[1] The position was transformed in 1888 into Director of Public Works,[1] a position he held for three terms of office, first from 1888 to 1900, again between Jul 1901 and Nov 1901, and then from 1903 to 1906.[4] In 1911 the Governor of Pennsylvania named him as a commissioner of the newly formed State Highway Department from 1911 to 1915.[4]

During his tenure of over thirty years, Bigelow saw the need for urban parks in a highly industrialized city and acquired land for public park use.[1] As park commissioner in the 1880s, Bigelow convinced Mary Schenley to donate land to the city in what became the Schenley Park, opened in 1889.[2][3] He also acquired the land that would be used for the Highland Park (opened in 1893);[1] spending more than $900,000 in city funds to buy the land, parcel by parcel, from farmers. As head of city planning in 1900, he started work on a system of grand boulevards (including Beechwood, Bigelow (then named Grant), and Washington boulevards)[5] to connect the parks.[2] One of these, initially known as the Grant Boulevard, now Bigelow Boulevard (renamed in Bigelow's honor right after his death), was Pittsburgh's first rapid transit route.[6] others include the Boulevard of the Allies, Beechwood and Washington Boulevard. His visions for park development made him unpopular with those who wanted to use the land for more building development, although he eventually triumphed.[3] He also developed the water and sewer systems in Pittsburgh.[4]

Barry Hannegan, director of historic landscape preservation for the Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation, said in 2000 that "He (Bigelow) brought to Pittsburgh what we would now call state-of- the-art landscape architecture and horticulture" and "We owe him a lot. He was the first truly great planner in Pittsburgh."[3]

He died on 6 December 1916, before taking the position of Public Works director for a fourth time. And he was interred in Homewood Cemetery. On Dec. 20, 1916, Grant Boulevard was posthumously named Bigelow Boulevard in memory of him.[4]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 Field Notes: "Bigelow Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA", Retrieved on 8 May 2007
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.wqed.org/mag/articles/12_99/100pgh_1.html |title=Pittsburghers of the Century |accessdate=2007-05-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927010235/http://www.wqed.org/mag/articles/12_99/100pgh_1.html |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |df= }}, Pittsburgh Magazine, Retrieved on 8 May 2007
3. ^1 2 3 William Loeffler, {{cite web |url=http://www.phlf.org/news/mediaclips/2000/000116tr.html |title=City parks: A legacy to cherish - The fledgling Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy works to preserve, restore urban breathing spaces |accessdate=2007-05-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063010/http://www.phlf.org/news/mediaclips/2000/000116tr.html |archivedate=September 28, 2007 |df= }}, Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, January 16, 2000, Retrieved on 8 May 2007
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Edward Manning BIGELOW, biography from Bigelow Society, Retrieved on 8 May 2007
5. ^http://www.brooklineconnection.com/history/Facts/BigelowBlvd.html
6. ^{{cite web|last=Swetnam|first=George|title=The Bicentennial history of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County: a source edition recording the early and contemporary history of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, Pennsylvania through the medium of extensive research and the life histories of its most constructive members--chronicling the backgrounds and activities of its prominent families and personages with emphasis on their accomplishments in making Pittsburgh one of America's greatest cities, v.1|url=http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?ALLSELECTED=1;xc=1;g=pitttextall;type=simple;q1=bigelow%20boulevard;c=pitttext;sort=occur;didno=31735051653461;cc=pitttext;rgn=full%20text;idno=31735051653461;view=image;seq=237;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset;|work=Historic Pittsburgh Text Collection|publisher=University of Pittsburgh|accessdate=9 September 2013}}
{{Portal|Pittsburgh}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bigelow, Edward Manning}}

8 : Politicians from Pittsburgh|1850 births|1916 deaths|Pennsylvania local politicians|American civil engineers|Burials at Homewood Cemetery|19th-century American politicians|Engineers from Pennsylvania
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