| 词条 | Eendrachtsland |
| 释义 |
In 1616 Dirk Hartog sailed from the west in the Dutch East India Company ship Eendracht and encountered the west coast of the Australian mainland, meeting it close to the 26th parallel south latitude (26° south) near what is now known as Dirk Hartog Island in Western Australia.[2] After leaving the island, the Eendracht sailed in a north-west direction along the West Australian coastline, Hartog charting as he went.[1] He gave this land the name Eendrachtsland on the chartsThe earliest known appearance of that name on the charts was eleven years later in 1627 on, Caert van't Landt van d'Eendracht ("Chart of the Land of Eendracht"), by Hessel Gerritsz, however the name was in use as early as 1619.[1] The Caert van't Landt van d'Eendracht images are showing that things were done quite differently in the 1620s as the chart is oriented with north to the left and shows the degrees of latitude on the bottom of the chart. Eendrachtsland was first revealed to the world in 1626 on the small world map on the title page of the Iournael vande Nassausche Vloot [Journal of the Nassau Fleet]. This was the first published map to show any authentic part of the Australian coastline: it shows t'Eendracht Land as part of a notionally much larger landmass.[3] Eendrachtsland coastline knowledgeThe chart shows that the knowledge held by the Dutch of the West Australian coastline was increasing, as the chart was based on a number of voyages, beginning with this 1616 voyage of Dirk Hartog.[1] The 1627 chart, broken here and there by unexplored openings, extends from the Willems River (believed to be the Ashburton River (Western Australia)) almost to Albany, Western Australia, spanning the West Australian coastline for a distance of around 1,900 km. It is worth reproducing here what Heeres wrote in 1899 about the increase of Dutch knowledge of the West Australian coastline, as follows: From this point [Willems River] then the Eendrachtsland of the old Dutch navigators begins to extend southward. To the question, how far it was held to extend, I answer that in the widest sense of the term ('t Land van Eendracht or the South-land, it reached as far as the South-coast, at all events past the Perth of our day) Breaks in the Eendrachtsland coastBy the mid to late 1620s the Dutch had gathered a good deal of information, enabling them to chart the west coast of what had become known by then as Eendrachtsland with some accuracy. Heeres then goes on to say that the coastline showed breaks in various places, due to unexplored openings such as Exmouth Gulf.[1] These gaps are clearly visible on the full sized 1627 chart image. De Witt's land is not connected with the coast of Willems-rivier; the coast-line of Eendrachtsland does not run on; there is uncertainty as regards what is now called Shark-bay; the coast facing Houtmans Abrolhos is a conjectural one only; the coast-line facing Tortelduyf is even altogether wanting; Dedelsland and 't Land van de Leeuwin are not marked by unbroken lines.[1] True nature of EendrachtslandHeeres then suggests that the mid seventeenth century navigators were constantly faced by the problem of the true character of this South-land, asking themselves the question:
End of EendrachtslandBy 1644 most of these problems of gaps in the coastline were solved, spelling the end of the name Eendrachtsland, in favour of a name, which for the Dutch, was much closer to the heart.
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book| last = Heeres| first = Jan Ernst| authormask = Jan Ernst Heeres LL. D. Professor at the Dutch Colonial Institute Delft| title = The Part Borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australia 1606-1765| edition = 1| url = http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks05/0501231.txt| format = txt| accessdate = 2012-01-28| type = A Project Gutenberg of Australia eBook - Latin-1(ISO-8859-1)--8 bit| origyear = 1899-01-01| publisher = The Royal Dutch Geographical Society in Commemoration of the XXVth Anniversary of its Foundation| location = 46 Great Russell Street W. C.| id = 0501231.txt}} {{AusplacesnamedbyDutch}}2. ^ name="Heeres-1899"; Justine Van Mourik, “Hartog’s Discovery”, David Pool (ed.), Mapping Our World: Terra Incognita to Australia, Canberra, National Library of Australia, 2013, p.119. 3. ^Justine Van Mourik, “Hartog’s Discovery”, David Pool (ed.), Mapping Our World: Terra Incognita to Australia, Canberra, National Library of Australia, 2013, p.119. 3 : Exploration of Western Australia|European exploration of Australia|Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company |
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