[[2]]
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}}Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.[2][4]They grow naturally in the New Guinea, the Moluccas, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Timor, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Niue, Tonga, Palau (Caroline Islands) and the Philippines.[2][4]
The known centre of diversity of New Guinea has nine known species recognised by science {{as of|2013|lc=yes}}.[7]
In Australia, they grow naturally through the northern half of the eastern coastal zone, northwards from the Newcastle region in New South Wales through eastern Queensland to the northernmost point of Australia Cape York Peninsula.[2][9][10][11][12]
One of them E. xylocarpa has a common name of white tamarind, while another E. nervosa has a common name of beetroot tree.
A few members of the Australian Sapindaceae are called tamarinds, although they have no close relation to the true tamarind, which is a member of the bean family.
Conservation
At the global scale, several Elattostachys species have been threatened with extinction, as officially recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Three New Guinea endemic species E. aiyurensis, E. goropuensis and E. rubrofructus, one Sulawesi endemic species E. erythrocarpum and one New Caledonia endemic species E. dzumacensis have been vulnerable to global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment.[13][14][15][16][17]
Naming and classification
European science formally named and described this genus in 1879, authored by Bavarian botanist Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer,[[2][4] based on Carl Ludwig Blume's 1849 published Cupania sect. Elattostachys.]
In 1992–3 Dutch botanist Frits Adema formally published new names and descriptions for numerous species and clarified species named previously, of the Pacific Islands and Malesia regions.[21][22][23]
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Species
This listing was sourced from Flora Malesiana,[4] the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea,[7] the Checklist of the vascular indigenous Flora of New Caledonia,[26] peer reviewed published scientific species descriptions journal articles,[21][22][23][30] the International Union for Conservation of Nature Redlist conservation status assessments,[13][14][15][16][17] the Flora of Micronesia checklist,[36] Flora Vitiensis (Fiji),[37] the Australian Plant Name Index and Australian Plant Census,[2] the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system,[9] Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest,[10] the Flora of New South Wales and the Flora of Australia.:[11][12]
- Elattostachys aiyurensis {{Au|Adema}}[21] – New Guinea endemic[7][49] – Vulnerable[13]
- Elattostachys angulosa {{Au|Adema}}[21] – New Guinea endemic[7][53]
- Elattostachys apetala {{Au|(Labill.) Radlk.}}, syn.: E. falcata {{Au|(A.Gray) Radlk.}}
[[37] – New Caledonia,[23] Vanuatu, Fiji,[22] Niue, Samoa, Tonga]- Elattostachys dzumacensis {{Au|Adema}}[23] – New Caledonia endemic – Vulnerable[17]
- Elattostachys erythrocarpum {{Au|Adema}}[21] – Sulawesi endemic[61] – Vulnerable[16]
- Elattostachys globosa {{Au|Adema}}[21] – New Guinea endemic[7][65]
- Elattostachys goropuensis {{Au|Adema}}[21] – New Guinea endemic[7][68] – Vulnerable[14]
- Elattostachys incisa {{Au|Radlk.}} – New Caledonia endemic[23]
- Elattostachys megalantha {{Au|S.T.Reynolds}}[30][72] – endemic to NE. Qld, Australia[10][74]
- Elattostachys microcarpa {{Au|S.T.Reynolds}}[30][76] – endemic to NE. and Cape York Peninsula, Qld, Australia[10][78]
- Elattostachys nervosa {{Au|(F.Muell.) Radlk.}}
[ – NE. NSW[80] to SE. Qld, Australia, endemic[81]]- Elattostachys obliquinervis {{Au|Radlk.}} – New Guinea endemic[82]
- Elattostachys palauensis {{Au|Hosok.}} – Palau, Caroline Islands, endemic[36]
- Elattostachys rubrofructus {{Au|Adema}}[21] – New Guinea endemic[7][86] – Vulnerable[15]
- Elattostachys solomonensis {{Au|Adema}}[21] – Solomon Is., New Guinea endemic[7]
- Elattostachys tetraporandra {{Au|Radlk.}} – New Guinea endemic[7][91]
- Elattostachys venosa {{Au|A.C.Sm.}} – Fiji endemic[22][37]
- Elattostachys verrucosa {{Au|(Blume) Radlk.}} – Java, Philippines, Sulawesi, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Wetar, Timor, Moluccas[94]
- Elattostachys vitiensis {{Au|Seemann ex Radlk.}} – Fiji endemic[22]
- Elattostachys xylocarpa {{Au|(A.Cunn. ex F.Muell.) Radlk.}}
[ – NE. NSW[97] northwards though E. Qld to Bowen,[10] Australia, endemic[99]]- Elattostachys zippeliana {{Au|(Blume) Radlk.}} – Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea[7][101]
{{Clear|right}}References
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite web | title= Elattostachys% | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Elattostachys%25 | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 | type= listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia | work = Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database | publisher= Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government}}
2. ^1 2 Hyland et al. (2010) [RFK 6.1] {{Cite web | url= http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Sapindaceae.htm | title= Factsheet – Sapindaceae | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite book| last1= Cooper | first1= Wendy| last2= Cooper | first2= William T. | authorlink2= William T. Cooper|date=June 2004| contribution= Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk.| contribution-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s0JFAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Elattostachys%22| title= Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest| pages= 489–490| place= Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia| publisher= Nokomis Editions| isbn= 9780958174213| url= http://nokomis.com.au/fruits.html| accessdate= 19 Dec 2013}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Cite web | author=Conn, Barry J. | year= 2008 | title= Elattostachys | url= http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/PNGcensus.pl?fam=&gen=Elattostachys&sp=&infr=&group= | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 | version= (search result listing, matching all starting with "Elattostachys", via www.pngplants.org) | work= Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea}}
5. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1= Morat | first1= P. | last2= Jaffré | first2= T. | last3= Tronchet | first3= F. | last4= Munzinger | first4= J. | last5= Pillon | first5= Y. | last6= Veillon | first6= J.-M. | last7= Chalopin | first7= M. |date=Dec 2012 | title= The taxonomic database "Florical" and characteristics of the indigenous Flora of New Caledonia | journal= Adansonia | series= sér. 3 | volume= 34 | issue= 2 | pages= 177–219 | url= http://www.botanique.nc/images/pdf/Florical%2019_12_2012.pdf | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
6. ^1 2 Harden|2001}}|Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. {{Cite web | url= http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Elattostachys|date=July 2001 | title= Elattostachys | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
7. ^1 2 3 4 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496646 | title= Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite journal | last1= Adema | first1= Frits | year= 1993 | title= Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) in Fiji | journal= Pacific Science | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 295–297 | url= http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/1770 | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite journal | last1= Adema | first1= Frits | year= 1993 | title= Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) in New Caledonia | journal= Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia | volume= 15 | issue= 1-4 | pages= 147–151 | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13959928 | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite journal | last1= Adema | first1= Frits | year= 1992 | title= New species of Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. (Sapindaceae) | journal= Blumea | volume= 36 | issue= 2 | pages= 541–550 }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book | last1= Smith | first1= Albert C. | year= 1985 | contribution= Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. | contribution-url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30325389 | title= Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji | location= Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii | publisher= Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden | volume= 3 | pages= 608–611 | type= Digitised, online, via biodiversitylibrary.org | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
12. ^1 2 {{Cite web | last1= Wagner | first1= W. L. | last2= Herbst | first2= D. R. | last3= Tornabene | first3= M. W. | last4= Weitzman | first4= A. | last5= Lorence | first5= D. H. | year= 2012 | title= Elattostachys palauensis Hosok.. Distribution: Caroline Islands — Belau (Ulebsechel) | website= Micronesia Checklist Query, Flora of Micronesia website | url= http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/micronesia/query.cfm | publisher= Smithsonian: National Museum of Natural History | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
13. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal | last1= Reynolds | first1= Sally T. | year= 1985 | title= Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, IV | journal= Austrobaileya | volume= 2 | issue= 2 | pages= 153–189 |jstor=41738663 }}
14. ^1 2 Reynolds|1985}}|Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online {{Cite web | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48706 | title= Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
15. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496647 | title= Elattostachys aiyurensis | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
16. ^1 2 3 {{IUCN | id = 37378 | taxon = Elattostachys aiyurensis {{Au|Adema}} | assessors = | assessment_year = 1998 | version = 2.3 | accessdate = 17 Dec 2013 }}
17. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496649 | title= Elattostachys angulosa | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
18. ^1 2 3 {{IUCN | id = 35315 | taxon = Elattostachys dzumacensis {{Au|Adema}} | assessors = | assessment_year = 1998 | version = 2.3 | accessdate = 17 Dec 2013 }}
19. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496650 | title= Elattostachys erythrocarpum | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
20. ^1 2 3 {{IUCN | id = 37379 | taxon = Elattostachys erythrocarpum {{Au|Adema}} | assessors = | assessment_year = 1998 | version = 2.3 | accessdate = 17 Dec 2013 }}
21. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496650 | title= Elattostachys globosa | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
22. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496650 | title= Elattostachys goropuensis | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
23. ^1 2 3 {{IUCN | id = 37380 | taxon = Elattostachys goropuensis {{Au|Adema}} | assessors = | assessment_year = 1998 | version = 2.3 | accessdate = 17 Dec 2013 }}
24. ^1 Hyland et al. (2010) [RFK 6.1] {{Cite web | url= http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Elattostachys_megalantha.htm | title= Factsheet – Elattostachys megalantha | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
25. ^1 Reynolds|1985}}|Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online {{Cite web | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48708 | title= Elattostachys megalantha S.T.Reynolds | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
26. ^1 Hyland et al. (2010) [RFK 6.1] {{Cite web | url= http://keys.trin.org.au:8080/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Elattostachys_microcarpa.htm | title= Factsheet – Elattostachys microcarpa | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
27. ^1 Reynolds|1985}}|Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online {{Cite web | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48710 | title= Elattostachys microcarpa S.T.Reynolds | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
28. ^1 Harden|2001}}|Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. {{Cite web | url= http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Elattostachys~nervosa |date=July 2001 | title= Elattostachys nervosa (F.Muell.) Radlk. | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
29. ^1 Reynolds|1985}}|Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online {{Cite web | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48709 | title= Elattostachys nervosa (F.Muell.) Radlk. | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
30. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496651 | title= Elattostachys obliquinervia | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
31. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496651 | title= Elattostachys rubrofructus | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
32. ^1 2 3 {{IUCN | id = 37381 | taxon = Elattostachys rubrofructus {{Au|Adema}} | assessors = | assessment_year = 1998 | version = 2.3 | accessdate = 17 Dec 2013 }}
33. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496652 | title= Elattostachys tetraporandra | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
34. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496652 | title= Elattostachys verrucosa | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
35. ^1 Harden|2001}}|Harden (2001) New South Wales Flora Online. {{Cite web | url= http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Elattostachys~xylocarpa |date=July 2001 | title= Elattostachys xylocarpa (F.Muell.) Radlk. | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
36. ^1 Reynolds|1985}}|Reynolds (1985) Flora of Australia. Online {{Cite web | url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48707 | title= Elattostachys xylocarpa (A.Cunn. ex F.Muell.) Radlk. | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}
37. ^1 Adema|1994}}|Adema (1994) Flora Malesiana. Digitised, online {{Cite web | url= https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28496654 | title= Elattostachys zippeliana | accessdate= 19 Dec 2013 }}