| 词条 | Elham Valley Railway |
| 释义 |
| box_width = | name = Elham Valley Railway | other_name = | logo = | logo_width = | logo_alt = | image = File:Railway bridge near Etchinghill - geograph.org.uk - 1414766.jpg | image_width = | image_alt = | caption = Railway bridge near Etchinghill, formerly used by the Elham Valley Railway | type = | system = | status = lifted | locale = Kent, England | start = | end = | stations = | routes = | daily_ridership = | ridership2 = | open = {{Start date|1887|07|04|df=y}} | yearcommenced = 1884 | yearcompleted = | close = {{Start date|1947|10|01|df=y}} | owner = | operator = South Eastern Railway (1884-1899) South Eastern and Chatham Railway (1899-1923) Southern Railway (1923-1947) | character = | depot = | stock = | linelength_km = | linelength_mi = | linelength = | tracklength_km = | tracklength_mi = | tracklength = | tracks = | gauge = {{Track gauge|uksg|allk=on}} | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | minradius = | electrification = | speed_km/h = | speed_mph = | speed = | signalling = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | elevation = | map ={{Elham Valley Railway|inline=1}} | map_state = uncollapsed }} The Elham Valley Railway is a disused railway line that runs through the Elham Valley connecting Folkestone and Canterbury in East Kent. It was operational from 1887 to 1947. HistoryThe first concept of a line connecting Canterbury to Folkestone occurred in 1830 when a group of landowners and priests began to discuss the possibility of the line; however this was not a concerted effort and each group had their own interest. They started the Elham Valley Light Railway company and a single track line with stations at Elham, Barham, Canterbury West and Shorncliffe railway was authorised on 18 June 1861. However, despite initial success they failed to convince either of the big two railway companies in the south east to support them - South Eastern Railway (SER) and London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) and the matter was quietly dropped. However the scheme re-emerged when the LCDR planned to link Canterbury East to Folkestone through the Alkham Valley. This alarmed the SER and their chairman Sir Edward Watkin and for a period of time both railways argued that their scheme was superior. Eventually the SER came out on top. However, if it was built as a light railway, it could not be considered an integral part of the SER network, and so was built to the same standard as the main line.[1]{{page needed|date=August 2017}} ConstructionProvision for the railway to be taken over by South Eastern Railway was made in an Act of Parliament of 28 July 1884[1], although the powers were not formally exercised until a resolution passed on 22 January 1891, with effect from 1 July 1891.[2] A double track line was built and work began in 1884 and the first stage, from Shorncliffe (now Folkestone West) to Barham opened on 4 July 1887.[1] The stretch from Barham to Canterbury was more difficult as rich landowners objected to trains passing through their land. The most stubborn was Matthew Bell who refused to see trains pass by the back of his mansion, and reluctantly the SER agreed to build Bourne Park tunnel instead of two bridges. In Canterbury, the South Eastern Railway wanted a station close to Wincheap but the necessary parliamentary approval was refused, so the South Eastern had to site its Canterbury South station much further south. Canterbury was reached in 1890 where it joined the Ashford - Ramsgate line at Harbledown Junction. When the two railway companies SER and LCDR merged in 1899 to form the South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR), there were livery changes at the stations. Railmotors were introduced in 1913 although these struggled to cope with the steep climb up from Cheriton junction through Etchinghill tunnel and onto Lyminge.[3]{{page needed|date=August 2017}} During World War I the line was taken over by the army, with much of the track used for storage, so single line working was introduced. Following a landslip at Folkestone Warren closing the main line between Folkestone and Dover in 1915, the Elham Valley line become a diversionary route for movement between the two ports via Deal, Minster and Canterbury.[3]{{page needed|date=August 2017}} Grouping, decline and closureWhen the Grouping Act of 1923 came into force, the Elham valley railway was absorbed by Southern Railway (SR or just "Southern"). Competition from parallel bus services was reducing patronage and accordingly to save money they immediately announced they would single the line and undertake staff reductions. In 1931 the line was singled between Harbledown Junction and Lyminge, the section from Lyminge to Cheriton remaining double tracked. During World War II the line between Harbledown Jn and Lyminge was closed to passengers in 1940 followed by Lyminge to Cheriton Jn in 1943[4] when they were again taken over by the military. It was home to a huge Railway gun called the Boche Buster which could fire shells of 1.4 tons over a range of 12 miles, and was kept in Bourne Park tunnel. The Elham Valley railway had some important visitors including Mrs. Roosevelt, Mrs. Churchill and Winston Churchill. After World War II the line was returned to its normal purpose. The section between Cheriton Junction and Lyminge was reopened to passenger traffic on 7 October 1946 and a daily goods train served the remained of the route. With passengers now using the bus service and trains running with few passengers the Southern Railway withdrew regular services over the whole Elham Valley line on 16 June 1947 although a limited freight service ran until 1 October 1947.[5] Lifting of the line occurred in 1950-54.[3]{{page needed|date=August 2017}} The routeThe railway ran from Canterbury West (Harbledown Junction) and finished at Cheriton Junction. The line had intermediate stops at Canterbury South, Bridge, Kent, Bishopsbourne, Barham, Elham and Lyminge. The line stretched for 16 miles. The railway todayBoth tunnels survive, as does some of the trackbed albeit largely covered by vegetation. Three stations still exist, Lyminge as a public library and those at Bishopsbourne and Bridge as private residences. Between Canterbury West to South only a short section of embankment survives curving away from the junction at Harbledown. Little remains of the route between Barham and Lyminge. The section between Peene and Cheriton Junction has been built over by the Channel Tunnel terminal building. Canterbury South and Barham stations have been lost to housing developments. At Elham the station platform now forms the garden boundary wall[5] of a house in a road called "The Sidings". There is a museum at Peene, near the Channel Tunnel terminal, which contains many artifacts of railway history and a working model railway of what the line would have been like in SER days.[6] References1. ^1 {{Awdry-RailCo| page=185}} 2. ^Correspondence of Bridge Union Rural Sanitary Authority, Canterbury Cathedral Archives, CCA-RD/BR/A/CB/3 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Lost Railways of Kent|last=Oppitz|first=Leslie|year=2003}} 4. ^Southern Region Record by R.H.Clark page 79 5. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/e/elham/index.shtml| title=Elham| website=Disused Stations| date=10 March 2012| accessdate=19 April 2012| last=Catford| first=Nick}} 6. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.elhamvalleylinetrust.org| title=Elham Valley Line Trust| accessdate=11 December 2008}} Further reading
External links
6 : Transport in Folkestone and Hythe|Closed railway lines in South East England|Rail transport in Kent|Railway lines opened in 1887|Railway lines closed in 1947|Standard gauge railways in England |
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