| 词条 | Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany |
| 释义 |
|consort=yes |name=Elisabeth of Bavaria |image=Elisabeth von Bayern (1227–1273).jpg |caption=Seal of Elisabeth of Bavaria. |succession =Queen consort of Germany Queen consort of Jerusalem |reign= 1 September 1246 – 21 May 1254 |succession1=Queen consort of Sicily |reign1=13 December 1250 – 21 May 1254 |spouse=Conrad IV of Germany Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia |issue=Conradin Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany Otto III, Duke of Carinthia Henry of Bohemia |house=House of Wittelsbach |father=Otto II, Duke of Bavaria |mother=Agnes of the Palatinate |birth_date=c. 1227 |birth_place=Trausnitz Castle, Landshut, Bavaria |death_date=9 October 1273 (aged 45–46) |death_place=Goyen Castle, Schenna, Tyrol |place of burial=Stams Abbey |religion=Roman Catholicism |}} Elisabeth of Bavaria ({{circa|1227}} – 9 October 1273), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Queen consort of Germany from 1246 to 1254 by her marriage to King Conrad IV of Germany. LifeShe was born at Trausnitz Castle in Landshut, the eldest daughter of Otto II Wittelsbach and his wife Agnes of the Palatinate, herself a daughter of the Welf count palatine Henry V and Agnes of Hohenstaufen. Otto II succeeded his father Louis I as Bavarian duke and as Count palatine in 1231. In the conflict between the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II and the Roman Curia, he initially sided with the pope, but became a supporter of Frederick in 1241. Otto II had initially betrothed Elisabeth to Duke Frederick II of Austria, however, the new political alliance would lead to the marriage of the elder daughter of the Wittelsbach and the elder son of the Hohenstaufen, Conrad IV. The wedding ceremony took place on 1 September 1246, probably at Vohburg in Bavaria, against fierce protests by the papal legate Albert von Behaim. Conrad IV had inherited the title of a King of Jerusalem from his mother Yolande of Brienne. Appointed Duke of Swabia in 1235, he was elected King of the Romans in 1237 to represent his father in his German dominions. Upon Frederick's death on 13 December 1250, still involved in a war against Pope Innocent IV and his allies, he also succeeded him as King of Sicily. He would continue the war and left for Sicily in 1251, leaving his wife behind, who gave birth to their only child Conradin in March next year. On 21 May 1254 Conrad IV died of malaria at his army camp in Lavello, Basilicata, without ever having seen his son. During the interregnum after the death of Emperor Frederick II, Elisabeth tried to secure the rights of her minor son Conradin, backed by her brothers, the Bavarian dukes Henry XIII and Louis II. In 1256 Elisabeth had to witness the execution of Louis' wife Maria of Brabant, whereafter she gave Conradin to the Bishop of Constance for care and education. Beset by intriguing Pope Alexander VI, she agreed to appoint Conradin's uncle Manfred, an illegitimate son of Frederick, regent in the Kingdom of Sicily on her son's behalf. However, she could not prevent the election of Richard of Cornwall as King of the Romans in 1256/57. Elisabeth remained a widow for five years. On 6 October 1259 in Munich, she married her second husband Count Meinhard II of Gorizia–Tyrol, a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty, who became Duke of Carinthia in 1286. Her second husband, just released from custody by Archbishop Philip of Salzburg, was of inferior status and about ten years younger than her, nevertheless his Tyrolean domains comprised the strategically important mountain passes across the Alps to Italy. The couple had six surviving children. Elisabeth's relationship to her firstborn son Conradin remained a reserved one. When Charles of Anjou defeated Manfred of Sicily in the 1266 Battle of Benevento, her brother Louis and her husband Meinhard encouraged Conradin's decision to go on campaign. In August 1267, mother and son met for a last time at Hohenschwangau Castle before Conradin left for Italy, together with his uncle and his stepfather, who however deserted him in Verona. After Elisabeth heard of his defeat and execution in 1268, she had the Santa Maria del Carmine Church erected in Naples in his memory. In 1272 she founded the Cistercian abbey of Stams in Tyrol, together with her husband Meinhard, where she is also buried. Marriages and childrenElisabeth and Conrad would only have one son:
Elisabeth and her second husband Meinhard had six children:
Ancestry{{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |title=Ancestors of Elisabeth of Bavaria |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Elisabeth of Bavaria |2= 2. Otto II, Duke of Bavaria |3= 3. Agnes of the Palatinate |4= 4. Louis I, Duke of Bavaria |5= 5. Ludmilla of Bohemia |6= 6. Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine |7= 7. Agnes of Hohenstaufen |8= 8. Otto I, Duke of Bavaria |9= 9. Agnes of Loon |10= 10. Frederick, Duke of Bohemia |11= 11. Elizabeth of Hungary |12= 12. Henry the Lion |13= 13. Matilda of England |14= 14. Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine |15= 15. Irmingard of Henneberg |16= 16. Otto IV, Count of Wittelsbach |17= 17. Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld |18= 18. Louis I, Count of Loon |19= 19. Agnes of Metz |20= 20. Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia |21= 21. Gertrude of Babenberg |22= 22. Géza II of Hungary |23= 23. Euphrosyne of Kiev |24= 24. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria |25= 25. Gertrude of Süpplingenburg |26= 26. Henry II of England |27= 27. Eleanor of Aquitaine |28= 28. Frederick II, Duke of Swabia |29= 29. Agnes of Saarbrücken |30= 30. Berthold I, Count of Henneberg |31= 31. Bertha of Putelendorf }} External links{{commons category|Elisabeth von Bayern (1227–1273)|Elisabeth of Bavaria}}
|-{{s-vac|last=Maria Komnene}}{{s-ttl|title=Queen consort of Jerusalem|years=1 September 1246 – 21 May 1254}}{{s-vac|next=Isabella of Ibelin}} |-{{s-vac|rows=2|last=Isabella of England}}{{s-ttl|rows=|title=Queen consort of Germany (formally Queen of the Romans)|years=1 September 1246 – 21 May 1254}}{{s-vac|next=Gertrude of Hohenburg}} |-{{s-ttl|title=Queen consort of Sicily|years=13 December 1250 – 21 May 1254}}{{s-vac|next=Helena Angelina Doukaina}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany}} 13 : 1227 births|1273 deaths|13th-century German people|13th-century Italian people|13th-century Italian women|People from Landshut|House of Wittelsbach|Hohenstaufen|German queens consort|Royal consorts of Sicily|Queens consort of Jerusalem|Duchesses of Swabia|13th-century German women |
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