| 词条 | Empress Xiaoherui |
| 释义 |
| embed = | name = Empress Xiaoherui | title = | titletext = | more = | type = | image = 《孝和睿皇后朝服像》.jpg | image_size = 200px | alt = | caption = | succession = Empress consort of Qing | succession1 = Empress dowager of Qing | moretext = | reign = 27 May 1801 – 2 September 1820 | reign1 = 2 September 1820 – 23 January 1850 | reign-type = Tenure | reign-type1 = Tenure | coronation = | cor-type = | predecessor = Empress Xiaoshurui | predecessor1 = Empress Xiaoshengxian | pre-type = | successor = Empress Xiaoshencheng | successor1 = Empress Xiaojingcheng | suc-type = | regent = | reg-type = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1776|11|20|df=y}} (乾隆四十一年 十月 十日) | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1850|1|23|1776|11|20|df=y}} (道光二十九年 十二月 十一日) | death_place = Shoukang Palace, Forbidden City | burial_place = Chang Mausoleum, Western Qing tombs | spouse = {{Marriage|Jiaqing Emperor|1790|1820}} | consort = | issue = Seventh daughter Miankai, Prince Dunke of the First Rank Mianxin, Prince Ruihuai of the First Rank | issue-link = | issue-pipe = | issue-type = | full name = | era name = | era dates = | regnal name = | posthumous name = Empress Xiaohe Gongci Kangyu Ancheng Qinshun Renzheng Yingtian Xisheng Rui (孝和恭慈康豫安成欽順仁正應天熙聖睿皇后) | temple name = | house = Niohuru (鈕祜祿; by birth) Aisin Gioro (by marriage) | house-type = | father = | mother = | religion = | occupation = | signature_type = | signature = | module = }}{{Chinese|t=孝和睿皇后|s=孝和睿皇后|p=Xiàohéruì Huánghòu|mnc = ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠰᡠᠨ ᠰᡠᠩᡤᡳᠶᡝᠨ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ|mnc_rom=hiyoošungga hūwaliyasun sunggiyen hūwangheo}} Empress Xiaoherui (20 November 1776 – 23 January 1850), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Niohuru clan, was a consort of the Jiaqing Emperor. She was 16 years his junior. LifeFamily backgroundEmpress Xiaoherui's personal name was not recorded in history.
Qianlong eraThe future Empress Xiaoherui was born on the tenth day of the tenth lunar month in the 41st year of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, which translates to 20 November 1776 in the Gregorian calendar. In 1790, Lady Niohuru became a secondary consort of Yongyan, the 15th son of the Qianlong Emperor. She gave birth on 2 August 1793 to his seventh daughter, who would die prematurely in July or August 1795, and on 6 August 1795 to his third son, Miankai. Jiaqing eraOn 9 February 1796, the Qianlong Emperor abdicated in favour of Yongyan and became a Retired Emperor, while Yonyan was enthroned as the Jiaqing Emperor. On 12 February 1796, Lady Niohuru was granted the title "Noble Consort". When the Jiaqing Emperor's primary consort, Empress Xiaoshurui, died of illness on 5 March 1797, Lady Niohuru was placed in charge of the emperor's harem, making her a de facto Empress, and was elevated to "Imperial Noble Consort". The Jiaqing Emperor wanted to make Lady Niohuru his new Empress but had to wait until the mourning period for Empress Xiaoshurui was over. The Qianlong Emperor died on 7 February 1799 so Lady Niohuru's promotion to Empress was delayed until 27 May 1801. Lady Niohuru was put in charge of the upbringing of Minning, the Jiaqing Emperor's second son who was born to Empress Xiaoshurui. She took care of Minning and treated him well, and they shared a close and harmonious relationship.[1] On 9 March 1805, Lady Niohuru gave birth to the emperor's fourth son, Mianxin. Daoguang eraWhen the Jiaqing Emperor died on 2 September 1820 before designating one of his sons as Crown Prince, the decision on the succession was left to Lady Niohuru, who became Empress Dowager. Lady Niohuru proclaimed Minning the new emperor before an imperial edict was officially issued. She ordered her servants to deliver the message to Minning, who was away in Chengde at the time. Minning rushed back to the Forbidden City and was enthroned as the Daoguang Emperor. The Daoguang Emperor was extremely pleased with Lady Niohuru's decision to make him emperor, claiming that she was broad-minded because she did not misuse her power to name either of her two sons as the new emperor.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} The Daoguang Emperor also granted Lady Niohuru the title "Empress Dowager Gongci". Lady Niohuru moved to the Forbidden City's Palace of Longevity and Health, which was traditionally a residence of the emperor's mother. In 1836, Lady Niohuru celebrated her 60th birthday. The Daoguang Emperor donned his formal court regalia for the occasion. He first went to the Hall of Central Harmony, where he read a memorial for the Empress Dowager to wish her well. He then mounted a cart and rode through the right Wing Gate to the left Gate of Eternal Health, where he disembarked. Carrying the memorial in his hands, the emperor was accompanied by an entourage of nobles and high-ranking officials. After the emperor delivered his message and birthday gifts, the retinue jointly presented Lady Niohuru with a court scepter.[2] On 10 April 1838, Lady Niohuru and the Daoguang Emperor visited the Western Qing tombs for 13 days.[3] Lady Niohuru died on 23 January 1850. She was posthumously granted the title "Empress Xiaoherui", and was interred in a separate tomb near the Chang Mausoleum of the Western Qing tombs. Titles
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In fiction and popular culture
See also
Notes1. ^Weng (1998). 2. ^Veritable Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing. DG272:66-7. 3. ^Veritable Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing. DG307:14–21; Diziji 7:32 4. ^嘉慶元年 正月 四日 5. ^嘉慶二年 五月 二十日 6. ^嘉慶六年 四月 十五日 7. ^嘉慶二十五年 七月 二十五日 8. ^道光元年 三月 References
Actual successor: Empress Xiaoshencheng }}{{Succession box|title=Empress Dowager of China|before=Empress Xiaoshengxian|after=Empress Xiaojingcheng|years=1820–1850}}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Xiaoherui, Empress}} 7 : 1776 births|1850 deaths|Qing dynasty empresses|Qing dynasty empresses dowager|Manchu people|18th-century Chinese women|19th-century Chinese women |
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