| 词条 | Engelbert Sterckx |
| 释义 |
| type = Cardinal | honorific-prefix = His Eminence | name = Engelbert Sterckx | honorific-suffix = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | title = Cardinal, Archbishop of Mechelen Primate of Belgium | image = Kardinaal Sterckx - België.jpg | image_size = 230px | alt = | caption = | church = Roman Catholic | archdiocese = Mechelen | province = | metropolis = | diocese = | see = | elected = | appointed = 24 February 1832 | term = 1832-1867 | term_start = | quashed = | term_end = 4 December 1867 | predecessor = François Antoine Marie Constantin de Méan et de Beaurieux | opposed = | successor = Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps | other_post = Cardinal-Priest of San Bartolomeo all’Isola | ordination = 18 February 1815 | ordained_by = Jean Baptiste Robert van Velde de Melroy et Sart-Bomal | consecration = 8 April 1832 | consecrated_by = Jean-Joseph Delplancq | cardinal = 13 September 1838 | created_cardinal_by = Cardinal-Priest | rank = Cardinal-Priest | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1792|11|02}} | birth_place = Ophem, Belgium | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1867|12|04|1792|11|02}} | death_place = | buried = | nationality = Belgian | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | previous_post = | education = | alma_mater = | motto = Pax Vobis | signature = | signature_alt = | coat_of_arms = | coat_of_arms_alt = | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = | other = }} Engelbert Sterckx (2 November 1792 – 4 December 1867), was the Archbishop of Mechelen, Belgium from 1832 to 1867. LifeEngelbert (Engelbertus) Sterckx was born 2 November 1792 in Ophem, Brabant. His parents were farmers. He began his studies in Vilvoorde, after which he studied humanities at the college of Enghien (1805-1807). After secondary school in Leuven, he entered the Major Seminary of Mechelen on 18 September 1811 and in 1813 was named subsecretary of archdiocesan curia of Mechelen in 1813.[1] Sterckx was ordained, with an age exemption, as priest for the Archdiocese of Malines, on 18 February 1815. He was vice-regent and professor of philosophy and moral theology at Mechelen from 1815 to 1821 when he was appointed pastor at Boechout. In 1824 he was appointed archpriest of the Cathedral of Our Lady in Antwerp.[1] In 1827, he was named vicar general to Archbishop, Francis Anthony de Méan of Malines,[1] and organized the opposition of the clergy to the religious policies of William I. Belgian independenceIn 1830 the southern provinces seceded from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and established a constitutional monarchy. The people of the south were nearly all Catholic; half were French-speaking. Many outspoken liberals regarded King William I's rule as despotic. There were high levels of unemployment and industrial unrest among the working classes.[2] The liberal faction began to support the Catholics, partly to accomplish its own goals: freedom of education and freedom of the press.[3] Belgium became a separate ecclesiastical province with Mechelen as an archbishopric and the suffragan dioceses of Liège, Namur, Tournai (Doornik), Bruges and Ghent.[6] ArchbishopThe new constitution guaranteed religious, educational and press freedom. Although not enthusiastic about all the provisions Sterckx decided they were tolerable. Not a profound thinker, Sterckx was a clever negotiator with a natural inclination to conciliatory pragmatism.[4] He became Archbishop on 24 February 1832, but his consecration was initially delayed by rumors against him of liberalism. In 1833 he baptised Louis-Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium, the eldest son of Leopold I of the Belgians. Archbishop Sterckx took full advantage of the new freedoms to completely reorganized the Archdiocese, establishing schools, colleges, monasteries, charities and minor seminaries in Hoogstraten and Waver.[5] The University of Malines was mainly the work of Sterckx, and was a revival of the famous University of Louvain, which had been founded in 1425 and closed in 1797. It opened in November 1834 and moved to Leuven in December 1835. During the consistory of 13 September 1838 Pope Gregory XVI created him cardinal with the title of cardinal-priest of St. Bartholomew en l'Ile (San Bartolomeo all'Isola).[6] In 1842 he issued a decree regarding plainsong and the following year established a commission to prepare a new edition of choral books. The Mechlin Gradual and Verperal was published in 1848.[7] In 1857 an anticlerical Liberal government came to power under the leadership of Charles Rogier and later Walthère Frère-Orban. Sterckx strongly opposed all interference, such as the law on cemeteries of 1862. He did not participate in the conclave of 1846 at which Pope Pius IX was chosen. Cardinal Sterckx died on December 4, 1867 in Mechelen where he rests in the crypt of the archbishops in St. Rombouts Cathedral. Honours
See also
References1. ^1 2 Miranda, Salvador. "Sterckx, Engelbert", The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church {{s-start}}{{s-rel|ca}}{{Succession box2. ^E.H. Kossmann, The Low Countries 1780-1940 (1978) pp 151-54 3. ^E.H. Kossmann, De lage landen 1780/1980. Deel 1 1780-1914, 1986, Amsterdam, p. 129 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=CtcvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=Engelbert+Sterckx&source=bl&ots=Ug8uoZY7pL&sig=ACfU3U2meDm4GIi51ItT7qzavj5T28qCaw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjc0PWh84ngAhUMn-AKHebpBao4FBDoATABegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=Engelbert%20Sterckx&f=false Viaene, Vincent. Belgium and the Holy See from Gregory XVI to Pius IX (1831-1859), Universitaire Pers Leuven, 2001, p. 82]{{ISBN|9789058671387}} 5. ^1 "Englebert Sterckx", Das Portal zur katholischen Geisteswelt 6. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ftMsAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA559&lpg=PA559&dq=Engelbert+Sterckx&source=bl&ots=_GIEZlQByW&sig=I7pkvzi-8RzSSbtSjSOghcRF2Lo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikiPfux6LJAhXEPT4KHVbjBU44ChDoAQgyMAQ#v=onepage&q=Engelbert%20Sterckx&f=false "Miscellaneous Intelligence", The Dublin Review, Vol 5, (Nicholas Patrick Wiseman, ed.), London,Booker & Dolman, 1838, October, pp. 558-559] 7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=eEk7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA347&lpg=PA347&dq=Engelbert+Sterckx&source=bl&ots=-_SJW-E3bj&sig=N9gMPKo4CASlG5vTzNoDjN00H2E&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwikiPfux6LJAhXEPT4KHVbjBU44ChDoAQg0MAU#v=onepage&q=Engelbert%20Sterckx&f=falseCorney OSB, Wilfrid. "Gregorian Melodies in the Manuscrips and the Editions", The Dublin Review, Vol. 121, (W. spooner, ed.) London, Burns & Oates Ltd., 1897, p.347] 8. ^Koophandel (De) 10-12-1867 9. ^Bien Public (Le) 23-07-1862 | title=15th Archbishop of Mechelen | before=François de Méan | after=Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps | years= 1832-1867}}{{end}} Sources
6 : 1792 births|1867 deaths|19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|Belgian cardinals|Roman Catholic archbishops of Mechelen-Brussels|Liberal Catholicism |
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