词条 | Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory | |||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|telescope1_name = SOAR Telescope |telescope1_type = 4.1 m reflector |telescope2_name = Blanco Telescope |telescope2_type = 4.0 m reflector |telescope3_name = SMARTS 1.5-meter |telescope3_type = 1.5 m reflector |telescope4_name = SMARTS 1.3-meter |telescope4_type = 1.3 m reflector |telescope5_name = SMARTS "Yale" Telescope |telescope5_type = 1.0 m reflector |telescope6_name = LCOGTN (u/c) |telescope6_type = 3× 1.0 m reflectors |telescope7_name = SMARTS 0.9-meter |telescope7_type = 0.9 m reflector |telescope8_name = PROMPT 7 (u/c) |telescope8_type = 0.8 m reflector |telescope9_name = Curtis-Schmidt Telescope |telescope9_type = 0.6 m reflector |telescope10_name = Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper |telescope10_type = 0.6 m telescope |telescope11_name = SARA South Telescope |telescope11_type = 0.6 m reflector |telescope12_name = CHASE telescope |telescope12_type = 0.5 m reflector |telescope13_name = PROMPT |telescope13_type = 6× 0.4 m reflectors |telescope14_name = GONG |telescope14_type = solar telescope }} The Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) is an astronomical observatory located on Cerro Tololo in the Coquimbo Region of northern Chile, with additional facilities located on Cerro Pachón about {{Convert|10|km|mi}} to the southeast. It is within the Coquimbo Region and approximately {{Convert|80|km|mi}} east of La Serena, where support facilities are located. The site was identified by a team of scientists from Chile and the United States in 1959, and it was selected in 1962.[1][2] Construction began in 1963 and regular astronomical observations commenced in 1965.[3] Construction of large buildings on Cerro Tololo ended with the completion of the Víctor Blanco Telescope in 1974, but smaller facilities have been built since then. Cerro Pachón is still under development, with two large telescopes inaugurated since 2000, and one in the early stages of construction. The principal telescopes at CTIO are the 4 m Víctor M. Blanco Telescope, named after Puerto Rican astronomer Victor Manuel Blanco, and the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope, which is situated on Cerro Pachón.[4] Other telescopes on Cerro Tololo include the 1.5 m, 1.3 m, 1.0 m, and 0.9 m telescopes operated by the SMARTS consortium. CTIO also hosts other research projects, such as PROMPT, WHAM, and LCOGTN, providing a platform for access to the southern hemisphere for U.S. and worldwide scientific research. OrganizationCTIO is one of two observatories managed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), the other being Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona. NOAO is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), which owns the property around the two peaks in Chile and at the headquarters in La Serena, Chile. AURA also operates the Space Telescope Science Institute and the Gemini Observatory. The {{Convert|8.1|m|in|abbr=on}} Gemini South Telescope located on Cerro Pachón is managed by AURA separately from CTIO for an international consortium.[6][7] The National Science Foundation (NSF) is the funding agency for NOAO.[4] The Small and Medium Research Telescope System (SMARTS) is a consortium formed in 2001 after NOAO announced it would no longer support anything smaller than two meters at CTIO.[9] The member institutions of SMARTS now fund and manage observing time on four telescopes that fit that definition. Access has also been purchased by individual scientists.[10] SMARTS contracts with NOAO to maintain the telescopes it controls at CTIO, and NOAO retains the right to 25% of the observing time, and Chilean scientists retain 10%. SMARTS began managing telescopes in 2003.[9] CTIOPI is the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory Parallax Investigation. It began in 1999 and uses two telescopes at Cerro Tololo, the SMARTS 1.5 m reflector and the SMARTS 0.9 m reflector. The purpose of CTIOPI is to discover nearby red, white, and brown dwarfs that lurk unidentified in the solar neighborhood. The goal is to discover 300 new southern star systems within 25 parsecs by determining trigonometric parallaxes accurate to 3 milliarcseconds. Telescopes
SMARTS Telescopes
Tenant telescopes
Former telescopes
Future telescopes
Discoveries
On the morning of Saturday, December 7, 2013, Luis González, a research assistant at the University of Chile, discovered what would later be confirmed as a supernova by José Maza, an astronomer at University of Chile and a researcher for CATA (Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines or “Centre for Astrophysics and Related Technologies”). The supernova is the first discovery to be made by the CATA 500, a robotic telescope designed and operated by a Chilean team located in Santiago, approximately 500 kilometres to the south.[4] It is part of the GLORIA project, which provides open access to astronomers from around the world to a network of remotely operated robotic telescopes.[5] The new supernova lies in the galaxy ESO 365-G16, located 370 million light years from Earth, and has a mass eight times that of our Sun.[6] Gomez's Hamburger, believed to be a young star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk, was discovered in 1985 on sky photographs obtained by Arturo Gomez, support technical staff at the Observatory.[7]Gallery{{Commons category|CTIO}}See also
References1. ^https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/MEarth/Telescopes.html CTIO |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/programs-related-items |publisher=Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01}}[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]2. ^{{Citation | last = Kim | first = Seung-Lee | title = Wide-field telescope design for the KMTNet project | journal = Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets V. SPIE Conference Proceedings | volume = 8151 | pages = 81511B | date = 15 September 2011|display-authors=etal}} 3. ^{{cite web |title = S-MAPS Sites and Telescopes |url = http://fma.if.usp.br/smaps/Site_%26_Telescopes.html |archive-url = https://archive.is/20121231232429/http://fma.if.usp.br/smaps/Site_%26_Telescopes.html |dead-url = yes |archive-date = 31 December 2012 |accessdate = 15 October 2012}} 4. ^Dramatic supernova find by Chilean team thisischile.cl, January 07, 2014, retrieved January 10, 2014 5. ^GLORIA project - about gloria-project-eu, retrieved January 12, 2014. 6. ^Telescopio chileno capta su primera supernova {es} latercera.cl, Cristina Espinoza C., December 19, 2013, retrieved January 10, 2014. 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.astrosurf.com/antilhue/gomezhamburger.htm | title=Gomez's Hamburger}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=SMARTS History {{!}} CTIO |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/smarts-history |publisher=Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |title=Joining SMARTS {{!}} CTIO |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/joining-smarts |publisher=Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429132739/http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/joining-smarts |archivedate=2012-04-29 |df= }} 10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title=About CTIO {{!}} CTIO |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/about-ctio-0 |publisher=Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418023853/http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/about-ctio-0 |archivedate=2012-04-18 |df= }} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=CTIO History {{!}} CTIO |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/ctio-history |publisher=Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |title=SOAR Status — Southern Astrophysics Research Telescope |url=http://www.soartelescope.org/observing/soar-status |publisher=SOAR |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414232327/http://www.soartelescope.org/observing/soar-status |archivedate=2012-04-14 |df= }} 13. ^1 {{cite web |title=Media Invited to Gemini South Dedication January 18, 2002, La Serena and Cerro Pachón, Chile |url=http://www.gemini.edu/node/51 |publisher=Gemini Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 14. ^1 {{cite web |title=About The Gemini Observatory |url=http://www.gemini.edu/about |publisher=Gemini Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 15. ^1 {{cite web |title=The 1.2 m Telescopes |url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/mmw/tech.html |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophyics Millimeter-wave Group |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 16. ^1 {{cite web |title=Millimeter-wave Laboratory |url=http://www.das.uchile.cl/lab_mwl/project.html |publisher=Universidad de Chile Department of Astronomy |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 17. ^1 {{cite web |title=Michigan Astronomy {{!}} Observatories: Curtis-Schmidt Telescope |url=http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/obs/schmidt.php |publisher=University of Michigan Department of Astronomy |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121142243/http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu/obs/schmidt.php |archivedate=2012-01-21 |df= }} 18. ^1 {{cite web |title=PROMPT Announcement |url=http://www.physics.unc.edu/~reichart/prompt.html |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Physics and Astronomy |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 19. ^1 {{cite web |title=SKYNET News Archives |url=http://skynet.unc.edu/?selection=news_archives|publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Physics and Astronomy |accessdate=2012-02-03}} 20. ^1 {{cite web |title=WHAM Description |url=http://www.astro.wisc.edu/wham/description-technical.html |publisher=University of Wisconsin Department of Astronomy |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 21. ^1 {{cite web |title=NSO/GONG: Site - Cerro Tololo |url=http://gong.nso.edu/sites/ctio.shtml |publisher=National Solar Observatory |accessdate=2012-01-15}} 22. ^1 {{cite web |title=A Brief History of SARA |url=http://www.saraobservatory.org/about.html |publisher=Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920041548/http://saraobservatory.org/about.html |archivedate=2013-09-20 |df= }} 23. ^1 {{cite web |title=2MASS - Telescopes |url=http://pegasus.phast.umass.edu/telescopes/telescopes.html |publisher=The University of Massachusetts Amherst Astronomy Department |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310205719/http://pegasus.phast.umass.edu/telescopes/telescopes.html |archivedate=2011-03-10 |df= }} 24. ^1 {{cite web |title=Cerro Tololo |url=http://lcogt.net/site/cerro-tololo |publisher=Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network |accessdate=2012-02-01}} 25. ^1 {{cite web |title=Update at Chile Site |url=http://lcogt.net/blog/rross/update-chile-site |publisher=Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network |accessdate=2012-02-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130221215531/http://lcogt.net/blog/rross/update-chile-site |archivedate=2013-02-21 |df= }} 26. ^1 {{cite web |title=LSST Timeline | LSST |url=http://www.lsst.org/lsst/science/timeline |publisher=LSST Corporation |accessdate=2012-02-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131024458/http://www.lsst.org/lsst/science/timeline |archivedate=2012-01-31 |df= }} 27. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Yale-CTIO Collaboration: Past and Future |url=http://www.noao.edu/noao/noaonews/dec97/node18.html |date=1 December 1997 |publisher=National Optical Astronomy Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-03}} 28. ^1 {{cite web |title=Lowell 0.6-m Telescope to be Mothballed |url=http://www.noao.edu/noao/noaonews/mar96/art15.html |date=1 March 1996 |publisher=National Optical Astronomy Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-03}} 29. ^1 {{cite web |title=New White Dwarf Appears on Cerro Tololo |url=http://www.noao.edu/noao/noaonews/mar97/node2.html |date=1 March 1997 |publisher=National Optical Astronomy Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-03}} 30. ^1 {{cite web |title=The Dwarf Moves to a New Home |last1=Ochoa |first1=Hugo |last2=Norman |first2=Dara |url=http://www.noao.edu/noao/noaonews/sep06/pdf/87paeo.pdf |date=1 September 2006 |publisher=National Optical Astronomy Observatory |accessdate=2012-02-03}} 31. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1086/323969 |title=A Robotic Wide‐Angle Hα Survey of the Southern Sky |year=2001 |last1=Gaustad |first1=John E. |last2=McCullough |first2=Peter R. |last3=Rosing |first3=Wayne |last4=Van Buren |first4=Dave |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume=113 |issue=789 |pages=1326|arxiv = astro-ph/0108518 |bibcode = 2001PASP..113.1326G }} 32. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Hamuy |first1=Mario |title=CHASE: Chilean Automatic Supernova Search |url=http://workshop2011.iasf-roma.inaf.it/dwn/Friday_Afternoon_Hamuy_Mario.pdf |date=2011-05-27 |accessdate=2012-02-06 }}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 33. ^1 {{cite web |title=Chile forma parte del recién creado "facebook" astronómico mundial su nombre es GLORIA |url=http://www.cata.cl/noticia.php?id=70 |date=2011-11-05 |accessdate=2012-02-06}} 34. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |bibcode=1966AJ.....71..229. |title=OBSERVATORY REPORT: Kitt Peak-Cerro Tololo Inter-American |volume=71 |year=1966 |pages=229 |journal=Astronomical Journal |doi=10.1086/109912}} 35. ^1 2 {{cite journal |bibcode=1968ZA.....68..222M |title=Facilities for Visitors at Kitt Peak National Observatory and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |author1=Mayall |first1=N. U. |volume=68 |year=1968 |pages=222 |journal=Zeitschrift für Astrophysik}} 36. ^1 {{cite journal |bibcode=1969BAAS....1..298M |title=Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile. Report 1968-1969 |author1=Mayall |first1=N. U. |volume=1 |year=1969 |pages=298 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society}} 37. ^1 {{cite journal |bibcode=1975BAAS....7..106L |title=Sproul Observatory, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Observatory report |author1=Lippincott |first1=S. L. |last2=Heintz |first2=W. D. |volume=7 |year=1975 |pages=106 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society}} 38. ^1 {{cite journal |bibcode=1976BAAS....8..129G |title=Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona; Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile. Observatory reports |author1=Goldberg |first1=L. |volume=8 |year=1976 |pages=129 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society}} 39. ^1 {{cite journal |bibcode=1978BAAS...10..152G |title=Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona; Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena, Chile. Reports |author1=Goldberg |first1=L. |last2=Blanco |first2=V. |volume=10 |year=1978 |pages=152 |journal=Bulletin of the Astronomical Society}} 40. ^1 {{cite journal |bibcode=1990RMxAA..21..683M |title=Chilean Astronomers and the Birth of Cerro Tololo |author1=Moreno |first1=H. |volume=21 |year=1990 |pages=683 |journal=Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica}} 41. ^1 {{cite journal |bibcode=2003ala..conf..109Z |title=The U. S. Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog project |author1=Zacharias |first1=M. I. |last2=Zacharias |first2=N. |year=2003 |pages=109 |journal=Astronomy in Latin America}} 42. ^{{cite web |title=Coordinates for Observatories on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachon |url=http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/coordinates-observatories-cerro-tololo-and-cerro-pachon|publisher=Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |accessdate=2012-10-10}} }} External links{{Commons category|CTIO}}
4 : Astronomical observatories in Chile|Minor-planet discovering observatories|Buildings and structures in Coquimbo Region|1962 establishments in Chile |
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