“Entomophthorales”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Entomophthorales are an order of fungi that were previously classified in the class Zygomycetes. A new subdivision, Entomophthoromycotina, has recently been circumscribed for them.^[1]

Most species of the Entomophthorales are pathogens of insects. A few attack nematodes, mites, and tardigrades, and some (particularly species of the genus Conidiobolus) are free-living saprotrophs.

The name Entomophthorales is derived from the Greek for insect destroyer (Gk: entomo=insect, phthor=destroyer).

Highlighted species

Biology

Most species of the Entomophthorales produce ballistic asexual spores that are forcibly discharged. When not landing on a suitable host, these spores can germinate to make one of several alternate spore forms, including a smaller version of the original spore, or (in some species) an adhesive spore elevated on a very slender conidiophore called a capilliconidiophore.

Classification

Recent debate has centered on whether the Basidiobolaceae should be included in the Entomophthorales, or raised to ordinal status. Molecular systematics approaches so far give an ambiguous answer. Some analyses suggest the Basdiobolaceae are more closely related to certain chytrid fungi than to the Entomophthorales.^[3] Others find weak support to maintain them in the Entomophthorales.^[4] Morphological characters can be found to support either hypothesis.

References

1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF |title=A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi |journal=Mycol. Res. |volume=111 |issue=Pt 5 |pages=509–47 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17572334 |doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0953-7562(07)00061-5|display-authors=etal|citeseerx=10.1.1.626.9582 }}
2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Dromph KM, Eilenberg J, Esbjerg P |title=Natural occurrence of entomophthoralean fungi pathogenic to collembolans |journal=J. Invertebr. Pathol. |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=226–31 |date=November 2001 |pmid=12009804 |doi=10.1006/jipa.2002.5077 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-2011(02)95077-9}}
3. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.2307/3760906 | last1 = Nagahama | first1 = T. | last2 = Sato | first2 = H. | last3 = Shimazu | first3 = M. | last4 = Sugiyama | first4 = J. | year = 1995 | title = Phylogenetic divergence of the entomophthoralean fungi: evidence from nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences | jstor = 3760906| journal = Mycologia | volume = 87 | issue = 2| pages = 203–209 }}
4. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature05110 | last1 = James | first1 = T. Y. | last2 = Kauff | first2 = F. | last3 = Schoch | first3 = C. L. | last4 = Matheny | first4 = P. B. | last5 = Hofstetter | first5 = V. | last6 = Cox | first6 = C. J. | last7 = Celio | first7 = G.| year = 2006 | title = Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 443 | issue = 7113| pages = 818–823 | pmid=17051209 | last8 = Gueidan | first8 = Cécile | last9 = Fraker | first9 = Emily| last10 = Miadlikowska | first10 = Jolanta | last11 = Lumbsch | first11 = H. Thorsten | last12 = Rauhut | first12 = Alexandra | last13 = Reeb | first13 = Valérie | last14 = Arnold | first14 = A. Elizabeth | last15 = Amtoft | first15 = Anja | last16 = Stajich | first16 = Jason E. | last17 = Hosaka | first17 = Kentaro | last18 = Sung | first18 = Gi-Ho | last19 = Johnson | first19 = Desiree | last20 = o’Rourke | first20 = Ben | last21 = Crockett | first21 = Michael | last22 = Binder | first22 = Manfred | last23 = Curtis | first23 = Judd M. | last24 = Slot | first24 = Jason C. | last25 = Wang | first25 = Zheng | last26 = Wilson | first26 = Andrew W. | last27 = Schüßler | first27 = Arthur | last28 = Longcore | first28 = Joyce E. | last29 = o’Donnell | first29 = Kerry | last30 = Mozley-Standridge | first30 = Sharon | display-authors = 3 }}

Highlighted species

Biology

Classification

References

External links