词条 | Environmental issues in Iraq |
释义 |
Iraq has a number of environmental issues. IssuesOil spillsNumerous spills have resulted from damage to Iraq’s oil infrastructure, and the lack of water treatment facilities at Iraqi refineries has led to pollution from those installations. This has many concerns for the population of iraq. Sanitation{{Main|Water supply and sanitation in Iraq}}Because of infrastructure damage, significant parts of the population do not have adequate water supply or sanitation systems. Unexploded ordnanceMilitary operations in three wars (Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, and Iraq War) have left unexploded ordnance and land mines in exposed positions, killing or wounding an estimated 100,000 people in the early 2000s. PollutionSites where municipal and medical wastes have accumulated carry the risk of disease epidemics. The wartime destruction of military and industrial infrastructure has released heavy metals and other hazardous substances into the air, soil, and groundwater. In June 2003, a fire at the Al-Mishraq state run sulfur plant near Mosul burned for 3 weeks and was the largest human-made release of sulfur dioxide ever recorded.[1] Land degradation{{Main|Agriculture in Iraq}}In the alluvial plain, soil quality has been damaged by the deposit of large amounts of salts, borne by irrigation overflows and wind and promoted by poor soil drainage. Desertification and erosion also have reduced arable land. River basins{{Main|Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes}}Transboundary pollution and a lack of river basin management by the government have led to the degradation of Iraq's major waterways. Under Saddam Hussein, the government constructed the Glory Canal which drained the extensive marshes in the lower reaches of the alluvial plain, changing water circulation and wildlife patterns over a wide area. Beginning in 2004, some restoration has occurred. According to a 2001 United Nations Environmental Programme report, the projects resulted in:[2]
Government responseAlthough the interim government appointed in 2004 included a Ministry of Environment, long-term environmental crises such as the depletion of marshland in the Shatt al Arab have a low priority. The government has made numerous efforts to help the environment and the people of Iraq. See also
References1. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3955005.stm|title=Iraq sulphur fire breaks records|date=26 October 2004|work=BBC Online|accessdate=14 February 2012}} {{loc}}2. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.public.iastate.edu/~mariposa/marshes.htm |title = marshes |accessdate = 2010-08-01 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100417011457/http://www.public.iastate.edu/~mariposa/marshes.htm |archivedate = 2010-04-17 |df = }} External links
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