| 词条 | Erdheim–Chester disease |
| 释义 |
| name = Erdheim–Chester disease | synonyms = | image = Maladie de Chester-Erdheim.png | caption = Chester-Erdheim disease | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }}Erdheim–Chester disease (also known as Erdheim–Chester syndrome or polyostotic sclerosing histiocytosis) is a rare disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of a specific type of white blood cells called histiocytes, or tissue macrophages (technically, this disease is termed a non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis). It was declared a histiocytic neoplasm by the World Health Organization in 2016.[1] Onset typically is in middle age. The disease involves an infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.[2] Signs and symptomsLong bone involvement is almost universal in ECD patients and is bilateral and symmetrical in nature. More than 50% of cases have some sort of extraskeletal involvement. This can include kidney, skin, brain and lung involvement, and less frequently retroorbital tissue, pituitary gland and heart involvement is observed.[3] Bone pain is the most frequent of all symptoms associated with ECD and mainly affects the lower limbs, knees and ankles. The pain is often described as mild but permanent, and {{H:title|in tissues near an articulation, or joint|juxtaarticular|link=no}} in nature. Exophthalmos occurs in some patients and is usually bilateral, symmetric and painless, and in most cases it occurs several years before the final diagnosis. Recurrent pericardial effusion can be a manifestation,[4] as can morphological changes in adrenal size and infiltration.[5] A review of 59 case studies by Veyssier-Belot, C et al. in 1996 reported the following symptoms in order of frequency of occurrence:[6]
DiagnosisRadiologic osteosclerosis and histology are the main diagnostic features. Diagnosis can often be difficult because of the rareness of ECD as well as the need to differentiate it from LCH. A diagnosis from neurological imaging may not be definitive. The presence of symmetrical cerebellar and pontine signal changes on T2-weighted images seem to be typical of ECD, however, multiple sclerosis and metabolic diseases must also be considered in the differential diagnosis.[7] ECD is not a common cause of exophthalmos but can be diagnosed by biopsy. However, like all biopsies, this may be inconclusive.[8] Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be used for diagnostic confirmation and also for therapeutic relief of recurrent pericardial fluid drainage.[9] HistologyHistologically, ECD differs from Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in a number of ways. Unlike LCH, ECD does not stain positive for S-100 proteins or Group 1 CD1a glycoproteins, and electron microscopy of cell cytoplasm does not disclose Birbeck granules.[6] Tissue samples show xanthomatous or xanthogranulomatous infiltration by lipid-laden or foamy histiocytes, and are usually surrounded by fibrosis. Bone biopsy is said to offer the greatest likelihood of reaching a diagnosis. In some, there is histiocyte proliferation, and on staining, the section is CD68+ and CD1a-.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} TreatmentCurrent treatment options include:
All current treatments have had varying degrees of success. The vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines have been used most commonly in ECD treatment.[12] PrognosisErdheim–Chester disease is associated with high mortality rates.[9][13] In 2005, the survival rate was below 50% at three years from diagnosis.[14] More recent reports of patients treated with Interferon therapy describe an overall 5-year survival of 68%.[15] Long term survival is currently even more promising, although this impression is not reflected in the recent literature.[16] EpidemiologyApproximately 500 cases have been reported in the literature to date.[17] ECD affects predominantly adults, with a mean age of 53 years.[6] HistoryThe first case of ECD was reported by the American pathologist William Chester in 1930, during his visit to the Austrian pathologist Jakob Erdheim in Vienna.[18] Society and cultureSupport groupsThe Erdheim–Chester Disease Global Alliance is a support and advocacy group with the goal of raising awareness of and promoting research into ECD.[19][20] ECD families and patients are also supported by the Histiocytosis Association, Inc.[20][21] Patient registryECD patients with significant lung issues, families, and caregivers are encouraged to join the NIH Rare Lung Diseases Consortium Contact Registry. This is a privacy protected site that provides up-to-date information for individuals interested in the latest scientific news, trials, and treatments related to rare lung diseases. MediaIn the TV show House, Season 2 episode 17, "All In", the final diagnosis of a 6-year-old boy who presents with bloody diarrhea and ataxia is Erdheim–Chester disease. References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://erdheim-chester.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/ECD-Declared-a-Histiocytic-Neoplasm_FINAL1.pdf|title=Erdheim-Chester Disease Declared a Histiocytic Neoplasm | accessdate= 2018-07-18}} 2. ^{{cite web | title = Erdheim–Chester disease at the United States National Library of Medicine | url =https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2003/MB_cgi?term=ERDHEIM-CHESTER+DISEASE | accessdate = 2008-06-19 }} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.histio.org/page.aspx?pid=403|title=Erdheim-Chester Disease - Histiocytosis Association|website=www.histio.org|language=en-us|access-date=2017-12-21}} 4. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1055/s-0031-1286368 |title=Rezidivierender Perikarderguss als Erstmanifestation eines Morbus Erdheim-Chester |trans-title=Recurrent pericardial effusion as first manifestation of Erdheim-Chester disease |language=German |year=2011 |last1=Lutz |first1=S |last2=Schmalzing |first2=M |last3=Vogel-Claussen |first3=J |last4=Adam |first4=P |last5=May |first5=A |journal=Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift |volume=136 |issue=39 |pmid=21935854 |pages=1952–6}} 5. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1210/jc.2006-2018 |title=Bilateral Adrenal Infiltration in Erdheim-Chester Disease. Report of Seven Cases and Literature Review |year=2007 |last1=Haroche |first1=Julien |last2=Amoura |first2=Zahir |last3=Touraine |first3=Philippe |last4=Seilhean |first4=Danielle |last5=Graef |first5=Claire |last6=Birmelé |first6=Béatrice |last7=Wechsler |first7=Bertrand |last8=Cluzel |first8=Philippe |last9=Grenier |first9=Philippe A. |last10=Piette |first10=Jean-Charles |journal=Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |volume=92 |issue=6 |pmid=17405844 |pages=2007–12|display-authors=8 }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last2=Cacoub|first2=Patrice|last3=Caparros-Lefebvre|first3=Dominique|last4=Wechsler|first4=Janine|last5=Brun|first5=Bernard|last6=Remy|first6=Martine|last7=Wallaert|first7=Benoit|last8=Petit|first8=Henri|last9=Grimaldi|first9=Andre|year=1996|title=Erdheim-Chester Disease|journal=Medicine|volume=75|issue=3|pages=157–69|doi=10.1097/00005792-199605000-00005|pmid=8965684|last1=Veyssier-Belot|first1=Catherine|last10=Wechsler|first10=Bertrand|last11=Godeau|first11=Pierre|display-authors=8}} 7. ^{{cite journal |first1=Stefan |last1=Weidauer |first2=Sebastian |last2=von Stuckrad-Barre |first3=Edgar |last3=Dettmann |first4=Friedhelm E. |last4=Zanella |first5=Heinrich |last5=Lanfermann |journal=Neuroradiology |pmid=12687308 |year=2003 |title=Cerebral Erdheim-Chester disease: Case report and review of the literature |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=241–5 |doi=10.1007/s00234-003-0950-z}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/cancer-types/eye-cancer/index.html |title=Erdheim Chester Disease |publisher=M. D. Anderson Cancer Center |accessdate=2007-08-26 |work=}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ijscr.2011.12.001 |title=Erdheim–Chester disease: The role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in diagnosing and treating cardiac involvement |year=2012 |last1=Egan |first1=Aoife |last2=Sorajja |first2=Dan |last3=Jaroszewski |first3=Dawn |last4=Mookadam |first4=Farouk |journal=International Journal of Surgery Case Reports |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=107–10 |pmid=22288060 |pmc=3267285}} 10. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Haroche J, Cohen-Aubart F, Emile JF, Arnaud L, Maksud P, Charlotte F, Cluzel P, Drier A, Hervier B, Benameur N, Besnard S, Donadieu J, Amoura Z | date = Feb 2013 | title = Dramatic efficacy of vemurafenib in both multisystemic and refractory Erdheim-Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis harboring the BRAF V600E mutation | url = | journal = Blood | volume = 121 | issue = 9| pages = 1495–500 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2012-07-446286 | pmid = 23258922 }} 11. ^FDA Approves First Treatment for Erdheim-Chester Disease. Nov 2017 12. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00000441-200208000-00008 |title=Erdheim-Chester Disease with Prominent Pericardial Involvement: |year=2002 |last1=Gupta |first1=Anu |last2=Kelly |first2=Benjamin |last3=McGuigan |first3=James E. |journal=The American Journal of the Medical Sciences |volume=324 |issue=2 |pages=96–100 |pmid=12186113}} 13. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bjo.2003.035584 |title=Treatment of Erdheim-Chester disease with cladribine: A rational approach |year=2004 |last1=Myra |first1=C |journal=British Journal of Ophthalmology |volume=88 |issue=6 |pages=844–7 |pmid=15148234 |last2=Sloper |first2=L |last3=Tighe |first3=PJ |last4=McIntosh |first4=RS |last5=Stevens |first5=SE |last6=Gregson |first6=RH |last7=Sokal |first7=M |last8=Haynes |first8=AP |last9=Powell |first9=RJ |pmc=1772168 }} 14. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1182/blood-2005-06-2238 |title=Successful treatment of Erdheim-Chester disease, a non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis, with interferon- |year=2005 |last1=Braiteh |first1=F. |journal=Blood |volume=106 |issue=9 |pages=2992–4 |pmid=16020507 |last2=Boxrud |first2=C |last3=Esmaeli |first3=B |last4=Kurzrock |first4=R}} 15. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1182/blood-2010-06-294108 |title=CNS involvement and treatment with interferon are independent prognostic factors in Erdheim-Chester Disease; a multicenter survival analysis of 53 patients |year=2011 |last1=Arnaud |first1=L. |journal=Blood |volume=117 |issue=10 |pages=2778–2782 |pmid=21239701 |last2=Hervier |first2=B |display-authors=etal}} 16. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1182/blood-2014-03-561381 |title=Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and clinical management of Erdheim-Chester disease |year=2014 |last1=Diamond |first1=E |journal=Blood |volume=124 |issue=4 |pages=483–492 |pmid=24850756 |last2=Dagna |first2=L |display-authors=etal |pmc=4110656}} 17. ^Haroche J1, Arnaud L, Cohen-Aubart F, Hervier B, Charlotte F, Emile JF, Amoura Z (2014) Erdheim-Chester disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep 16(4):412. {{DOI|10.1007/s11926-014-0412-0}} 18. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF01942684 |title=Über Lipoidgranulomatose |year=1930 |last1=Chester |first1=William |journal=Virchows Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medizin |volume=279 |issue=2 |pages=561–602}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.erdheim-chester.org|title=Erdheim–Chester Disease|publisher=ECD Global Alliance|accessdate=2009-05-08}} 20. ^1 {{Cite web| url = http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/erdheim-chester-disease/#supporting-organizations| title = Erdheim Chester disease - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)| website = NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)| language = en-US| access-date = 2016-03-01}} 21. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.histio.org/page.aspx?pid=592#Creatingasupportnetwork| title = What Do I Do Now? - Erdheim-Chester Disease - Histiocytosis Association| website = www.histio.org| access-date = 2016-03-01}} Further reading{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 29792 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|96|1|c|81}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|202.3}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D031249 }}
4 : Rare diseases|Histiocytosis|Skeletal disorders|Syndromes affecting blood |
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