| 词条 | Erich Fellgiebel |
| 释义 |
| name = Erich Fellgiebel | birth_date = {{Birth date|1886|10|4|df=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1944|9|4|1886|10|4|df=y}} | birth_place = Pöpelwitz, Silesia | death_place = Berlin, Germany | image = Erich Fellgiebel opt.jpg | caption = Erich Fellgiebel | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}} (to 1918) {{flag|Weimar Republic}} (to 1933) {{flag|Nazi Germany}} | branch = Army | serviceyears = 1905–44 | rank = General der Nachrichtentruppe | commands = Chief of Wehrmacht communications, Chief of Army communications
| unit = | battles = World War I World War II | awards = | relations = Walther-Peer Fellgiebel (son) }}Fritz Erich Fellgiebel (4 October 1886 – 4 September 1944) was an anti-Nazi German Army general and a conspirator in the 20 July plot to assassinate Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler. In 1929, Fellgiebel became head of the ({{lang-de|Chiffrierstelle}}) cipher bureau of the Reichswehrministerium, which would eventually become the OKW/Chi. He was a signals specialist and was instrumental in introducing a common enciphering machine, the Enigma machine. However, he was unsuccessful in promoting a single cipher agency to coordinate all operations, as was demanded by OKW/Chi and was still blocked by Joachim von Ribbentrop, Heinrich Himmler and Hermann Göring until autumn 1943. It was not achieved until General Albert Praun took over the post.[1] Military careerFellgiebel was born in Pöpelwitz[2] (Present-day Popowice in Wrocław, Poland) in the Prussian Province of Silesia. At the age of 18, he joined a signals battalion in the Prussian Army as an officer cadet. During the First World War, he served as a captain on the General Staff. After the war he was assigned to Berlin as a General Staff officer of the Reichswehr. His service had been exemplary, and in 1928 he was promoted to the rank of major. Fellgiebel was promoted lieutenant colonel in 1933, and became a full colonel (Oberst) the following year. By 1938, he was a major general. That year, he was appointed Chief of the Army's Signal Establishment and Chief of the Wehrmacht{{'}}s communications liaison to the Supreme Command (OKW). Fellgiebel became General der Nachrichtentruppe (General of the Communications Troops) on 1 August 1940. In 1942, Fellgiebel was promoted to Chief Signal Officer of Army High Command and of Supreme Command of Armed Forces ({{lang-de|Chef des Heeresnachrichtenwesens}}), a position he held until 1944 when he was arrested.[3] Adolf Hitler did not fully trust Fellgiebel; Hitler considered him too independent-minded, but Hitler needed Fellgiebel's expertise. Fellgiebel was one of the first to understand that the German military should adopt and use the Enigma encryption machine. As head of Hitler's signal services, Fellgiebel knew every military secret, including Wernher von Braun's rocketry work at the Peenemünde Army Research Center. Resistance activitiesThrough his acquaintance with Colonel General Ludwig Beck, his superior, and then Beck's successor, Colonel-General Franz Halder, Fellgiebel contacted the anti-Nazi resistance group in the Wehrmacht armed forces. In the 1938 September Conspiracy on the eve of the Munich Agreement, he was supposed to cut communications throughout Germany while Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben would occupy Berlin. Fellgiebel was again involved in the preparations for Operation Valkyrie and during the attempt on the Führer{{'}}s life on 20 July 1944[4] tried to cut Hitler's headquarters at Wolf's Lair in East Prussia off from all telecommunication connections. He only partly succeeded, as he could not prevent the informing of Joseph Goebbels in Berlin via separate SS links. When it became clear that the attempt had failed, Fellgiebel had to override the communications black-out he had set up. Fellgiebel's most famous act that day was his telephone report to his co-conspirator General Fritz Thiele at the Bendlerblock, after he was informed that Hitler was still alive: "Etwas Furchtbares ist passiert! Der Führer lebt!" ("Something awful has happened! The Führer lives!"). Fellgiebel was arrested immediately at Wolf's Lair and tortured for three weeks, but did not reveal any names of his co-conspirators.[5] He was charged before the Volksgerichtshof ("People's Court"). On 10 August 1944, he was found guilty by Roland Freisler and sentenced to death. He was executed on 4 September 1944 at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin. MemorialsThe Bundeswehr{{'}}s barracks, a signals and intelligence school ("Führungsunterstützungsschule") in Pöcking-Maxhof is named the General-Fellgiebel-Kaserne in his honour. Fictional portrayalsHolger Petzold portrayed General Fellgiebel in the miniseries War and Remembrance in 1989. Vernon Dobtcheff portrayed him in the 1990 television film The Plot to Kill Hitler. Fellgiebel was portrayed by Harald Krassnitzer in the 2004 German TV film Stauffenberg. He was portrayed by actor and comedian Eddie Izzard in the 2008 Bryan Singer thriller Valkyrie. Awards and decorations
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=Friedrich L. |title=Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfWTDr_bvMwC&pg=PA32|accessdate=2 January 2018|date=24 November 2006|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-48121-8|page=32}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Adams|first=Jefferson |title=Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnEWm4kC844C&pg=PA105|accessdate=2 January 2018|date=1 September 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6320-0|page=105}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nsa.gov/news-features/declassified-documents/european-axis-sigint/assets/files/Volume_4_army_high_command_sigint_service.pdf |title=Volume 4 - Signal Intelligence Service of the Army High Command |publisher=NSA |format=PDF |accessdate=1 August 2017}}{{PD-notice}} 4. ^{{Cite book |last=Adam |first=Wilhelm |first2=Otto |last2=Ruhle |translator=Tony Le Tissier |title=With Paulus at Stalingrad |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd. |year=2015 |ISBN=9781473833869 |pages=34–35}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Hoffmann|first=Peter |title=History of the German Resistance, 1933-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WErfpRPnNPoC&pg=PA514|accessdate=2 January 2018|date=8 October 1996|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-6640-8|page=514}} Literature
Sources
External links
14 : 1886 births|1944 deaths|People from Wrocław County|People from the Province of Silesia|Executed members of the 20 July plot|Executions at Plötzensee Prison|German military personnel of World War I|Prussian Army personnel|Generals of Signal Troops|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class|Officers of the Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)|People condemned by Nazi courts|Executed military leaders|German people executed by Nazi Germany |
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