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词条 Erna Raid
释义

  1. Background

  2. Competition

  3. Past results

  4. Russian accusations of glorifying Nazism

  5. References

  6. External links

{{update|date=September 2016}}

The Erna Raid ({{lang-et|Erna retk}}) was an annual international military exercise and competition, one of the longest and most difficult in the world, held every August since 1995 to 2011 in Estonia. It is organised by the Erna Society and commemorates the actions of the long-range reconnaissance group 'Erna' in the summer of 1941.[1]

Background

{{main article|Erna long-range recce group}}

The competition is named after the Erna long-range recce group ({{lang-et|Erna luuregrupp}}) and themed after its activities in the summer of 1941. In 1993, a group of enthusiasts followed the historical route of the Erna group of 1941, and came up with the idea of organizing a commemorative competition. A first try with only Estonian participants was held in 1994. In the autumn of 1994, the Erna society was founded, and in 1995, the first international competition was held, and has been so annually since then, growing in size and the number of participants over time.{{cn|date=April 2017}}

Competition

The traditional parts of the competition are:

  • landing, in rubber boats, onto a "hostile" shore;
  • cross-country tactical movement and navigation, without night campdown, over a distance of around 150 kilometres while avoiding and escaping from "hostile" security forces;
  • various (and varying over the years) minigames during the competition. These may involve grenade throwing, combat first aid and other military skills.

Foreign teams have always been welcome to partake in the competition. In 2007, 28 teams from nine different countries participated: Estonia (18 teams), Czech Republic (one), Denmark (one), Finland (two), Germany (one), Norway (two), Portugal (one), Sweden (one) and the United States (one), of which Portugal and the Czech Republic are newcomers. Teams from the United Kingdom have participated in earlier years (most recently, a British Territorial Army team in 2006), but only observed in 2007. A team from Cyprus also observed. Teams from The People's Republic of China have been traditionally successful in the competition and took 1st and 2nd place in 2002. Other successful teams have come from Finland and Norway.

Due to the home advantage attributed to the intimate knowledge of the terrain by the local teams, changes to the competition were discussed in 2011.[2]

In 2013 the competition was renamed the Admiral Pitka Recon Challenge after the Estonian War of Independence hero Johan Pitka, and is now held in different locations throughout Estonia each year.[3]

Past results

The table below records the final results for the year's competition. It does not include retired and disqualified teams. DL is the acronym for the Defence League.

Position2011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120001999
1stEstonia}} Scouts BattalionEstonia}} DL PõlvaEstonia}} DL Tartu 1Estonia}} DL Tartu 2Estonia}} Reserve OfficersEstonia}} Reserve OfficersEstonia}} Scouts Bat. 1Estonia}} Scouts Bat. 2Finland}} Finland 2China}} China 2Estonia}} DL JärvaEstonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} Border Guard
2ndEstonia}} Kirde KRKEstonia}} Scouts BattalionEstonia}} DL Tartu 2Estonia}} Reserve Officers / DL TallinnEstonia}} DL TartuEstonia}} Scouts Bat. 1Estonia}} Recce Bat.Estonia}} Reserve OfficersEstonia}} Scouts Bat.China}} China 1Finland}} Finland 2Norway}} NorwayEstonia}} Kalev Inf. Bat.
3rdEstonia}} DL Harju 1Estonia}} DL Tartu 2Estonia}} Military Academy 2Estonia}} Kuperjanovi Single Infantry BnFinland}} Finland 2Estonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} Scouts Bat. 1Estonia}} DL JärvaEstonia}} DL HarjuEstonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} DL HarjuEstonia}} DL Pärnu
4thEstonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} Military Academy 1Estonia}} Kuperjanovi Single Inf BnEstonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} PoliceEstonia}} DL JärvaFinland}} Finland 1Estonia}} Military SchoolEstonia}} Recce Bat.Estonia}} Security PoliceEstonia}} Logistics Bat.Estonia}} AA BatteryChina}} China 2
5thEstonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} DL Järva 1Estonia}} DL Tallinn 2Estonia}} DL Tallinn 1Estonia}} DL JärvaEstonia}} Scouts Bat. 2China}} China 2Estonia}} DL PärnuChina}} China 2Estonia}} Military AcademyChina}} China 2Estonia}} Logistics Bat.Finland}} Finland 1
6thEstonia}} DL Järva 2Estonia}} DL Järva 2Estonia}} DL Järva 1Estonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} DL TartuChina}} China 1Estonia}} DL JärvaEstonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} DL JärvaEstonia}} Reserve OfficersFinland}} Finland 1Estonia}} Guard Bat.
7thEstonia}} DL PõlvaEstonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} Military Academy 1Estonia}} EDF Logistics CentreEstonia}} Viru Bat.Estonia}} PoliceEstonia}} Air Defence Div.Denmark}} Denmark 1Estonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} DL TallinnEstonia}} AA BatteryEstonia}} Reserve OfficersEstonia}} DL Võru
8thEstonia}} DL Pärnu 2Estonia}} DL Tartu 1Estonia}} DL PõlvaEstonia}} DL Tartu 1Estonia}} DL Tallinn / Reserve OfficersEstonia}} DL TallinnSweden}} SwedenFinland}} Finland 2China}} China 1Lithuania}} LithuaniaChina}} China 1Estonia}} Kalev Inf. Bat.Denmark}} Denmark
9thFinland}} Finland 3Estonia}} NE Territorial Defence DistrictEstonia}} DL HarjuEstonia}} DL ValgaEstonia}} Pärnu Bat.Germany}} GermanyGermany}} GermanyLithuania}} LithuaniaDenmark}} DenmarkEstonia}} Reserve OfficersEstonia}} Guard Bat.Estonia}} EDF HQEstonia}} DL Järva
10thEstonia}} DL Pärnu 1Estonia}} Kuperjanovi Inf BnFinland}} Finland 2Germany}} GermanyFinland}} Finland 1Estonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} Reserve OfficersEstonia}} Recce Bat.Estonia}} DL Harju 2Estonia}} Scout Bat.Estonia}} Security PoliceEstonia}} Security PoliceNorway}} Norway 1
11thEstonia}} Nth. Guard Bat.Estonia}} DL Tallinn NõmmeEstonia}} DL Järva 2Estonia}} DL JärvaGermany}} GermanyEstonia}} EDF HQEstonia}} DL JärvaEstonia}} Logistic Bat.Estonia}} DL Tallinn 2Estonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} Rescue ServiceFinland}} Finland 2Estonia}} Military Academy
12thFinland}} Finland 2Estonia}} DL Harju 1Estonia}} EDF Log Centre CS Training CentreEstonia}} Viru Single Infantry BnEstonia}} DL HarjuCanada}} CanadaEstonia}} Guard Bat.China}} China 2Estonia}} DL Tallinn 1Finland}} FinlandEstonia}} DL TallinnEstonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} Reserve Officers
13thDenmark}} Denmark 2Estonia}} DL Tallinn 2Finland}} Finland 1Estonia}} Reserve Officers 2Estonia}} Scouts Bat.Estonia}} Guard Bat.Estonia}} DL TartuEstonia}} Air Defence Bat.Estonia}} DL VõrumaaEstonia}} Military SchoolNorway}} Norway 1Sweden}} SwedenEstonia}} DL Põlva
14thEstonia}} DL TartuEstonia}} DL Harju 2Estonia}} Border GuardEstonia}} DL PärnuEstonia}} Guard Bat.Finland}} Finland 1Denmark}} Denmark 2Estonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} DL PärnumaaEstonia}} DL VõrumaaNorway}} Norway 2Norway}} Norway 2China}} China 1
15thEstonia}} DL Tallinn 2Lithuania}} LithuaniaEstonia}} DL Women’s Corps SaaremaaLithuania}} LithuaniaUSA}} USAEstonia}} Viru Bat.Estonia}} DL TallinnDenmark}} Denmark 2Estonia}} DL Harju 1Norway}} Norway 1Estonia}} Signal Bat.Estonia}} DL VõruSweden}} Sweden
16thEstonia}} DL JärvaBelgium}} BelgiumEstonia}} DL VõruEstonia}} DL Alutaguse Women’s TeamDenmark}} DenmarkFinland}} Finland 2Finland}} Finland 2China}} China 1Estonia}} Reserve OfficersNorway}} Norway 2Estonia}} Military AcademyGermany}} GermanyUK}} United Kingdom
17thEstonia}} DL Tallinn NõmmeEstonia}} DL PärnuDenmark}} Denmark 1Denmark}} Denmark 1Estonia}} Military AcademyEstonia}} DL ValgamaaEstonia}} Scouts Bat.Estonia}} DL VõruAustria}} AustriaRomania}} RomaniaEstonia}} DL PõlvaEstonia}} DL TallinnNorway}} Norway 2
18thEstonia}} DL Pärnu 3Estonia}} Military Academy 2Denmark}} Denmark 2Estonia}} DL Tallinn 2 (Toompea subunit)Norway}} Norway 1USA}} USAEstonia}} DL VõruFinland}} Finland 1Estonia}} Engineering SchoolEstonia}} AA BattalionFinland}} Finland 1Denmark}} Denmark 1Italy}} Italy 2
19thLithuania}} LithuaniaSweden}} Sweden 1Estonia}} DL Tallinn 1Denmark}} Denmark 3Sweden}} SwedenDenmark}} Denmark 1Denmark}} Denmark 1Sweden}} SwedenEstonia}} Military SchoolDenmark}} Denmark 1Sweden}} SwedenChina}} China 1Estonia}} Women's DL
20thEstonia}} DL Harju MännikuEstonia}} DL Harju 3Estonia}} DL Women’s Corps VõruEstonia}} Single Guard BnEstonia}} Women's DLUK}} Great BritainEstonia}} Pärnu Bat.Germany}} GermanyFinland}} Finland 1Finland}} Finland 2Estonia}} DL HarjuEstonia}} DL JärvaUK}} UK
21stEstonia}} DL Tallinn KaleviEstonia}} DL Alutaguse Women's TeamEstonia}} DL Tallinn 3Denmark}} Denmark 2Estonia}} DL VõruBelgium}} BelgiumUSA}} USAEstonia}} Guard Bat.Lithuania}} LithuaniaSweden}} SwedenEstonia}} EDF HQChina}} China 2
22ndEstonia}} DL Harju 2Sweden}} Sweden 2USA}} USANorway}} Norway 2Estonia}} Artillery GroupEstonia}} DL PärnuBelgium}} BelgiumEstonia}} PoliceEstonia}} textDenmark}} DenmarkEstonia}} Rescue Service
23rdBelgium}} BelgiumFinland}} Finland 2Belgium}} BelgiumPortugal}} PortugalEstonia}} Women's DL VõruBelgium}} BelgiumEstonia}} DL TallinnEstonia}} Rescue ServiceItaly}} ItalyUSA}} USA MarylandItaly}} Italy 1
24thFinland}} Finland 4Denmark}} DenmarkEstonia}} DL Women’s Corps RaplaDenmark}} Denmark 3Estonia}} Women's DL VõruRomania}} RomaniaSweden}} SwedenEstonia}} EDF HQUK}} United KingdomUK}} United Kingdom
25thDenmark}} Denmark 1Norway}} Norway 1Latvia}} LatviaItaly}} ItalyTurkey}} TurkeyEstonia}} Guard Bat.Estonia}} Rescue ServiceEstonia}} Women's DLEstonia}} Women's DL
26thEstonia}} Prison ServiceDenmark}} Denmark 2Estonia}} Women's DLUK}} United KingdomEstonia}} Women's DLLithuania}} LithuaniaItaly}} Italy 1
27thFinland}} Finland 1USA}} USAPoland}} PolandUK}} United KingdomEstonia}} Recce Battalion
28thEstonia}} 1.Infantry Bde Logistics BatUK}} United KingdomUK}} United Kingdom
29thGeorgia}} Georgia

Russian accusations of glorifying Nazism

{{see also|Erna long-range recce group#Aftermath}}

Since the competition's initiation, sectors of the Russian media claimed the competition's namesake was an attempt to glorify collaboration with Nazi Germany.[4][5][6][7] In 2007, high-ranking government officials sharply criticized the competition, calling it "glamorization of Nazism" and expressing outrage over NATO members participating in the competition.[8][9][10] Estonian officials attribute this recent development to the ongoing campaign for the Russian presidential election of 2008.[11] Russian officials claim that commemoration of the Erna group today is part of alleged efforts by the Estonian authorities to glorify the Nazi past (other parts of it being the relocation of a memorial to Red Army invaders and an official greeting from the Minister of Defence to veterans of a unit of Estonians conscripted into a division organized within the Waffen SS to defend Estonia).[8]

An analyst of the US-based think tank Jamestown Foundation believes this view follows Soviet and post-Soviet Russia's official logic on two counts: first, that resistance to the Red Army was inherently illegitimate and conflatable with "fascism" in an occupied country or one targeted for occupation; second, that Estonia should be criticized for remembering an act of national resistance and its casualties.[12]

Estonia's Minister of Defence, Jaak Aaviksoo called the accusations "regrettable" and recalled that the Erna group saved the lives of many civilians from the vengeful Soviet paramilitary units, and specifically pointed out cases of burning farmers alive along with their farms in Kautla.[13][14]

References

1. ^British Embassy in Tallinn August 5, 2006: ERNA RAID 2006 1–5 August
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.err.ee/Sports/fd9a84aa-79c8-4f51-8a3e-68dd18057cf3 |title=This Year's Erna Endurance Event Could Be Last in Current Location |publisher=ERR |date=2011-07-29 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}
3. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.err.ee/110743/erna-raid-renamed-after-admiral-pitka |title=Erna Raid Renamed After Admiral Pitka |publisher=ERR |date=2013-03-22 |accessdate=2017-08-18}}
4. ^Хоть кровь из носу, но до цели дойдем {{ru icon}}
5. ^Эстонские власти вновь признались в любви к Гитлеру {{ru icon}}
6. ^В Эстонии играют в гитлеровцев {{ru icon}}
7. ^Об участии эстонского легиона СС в военных преступлениях в 1941-1945 гг. и попытках пересмотра в Эстонии приговора Нюрнбергского трибунала {{ru icon}}
8. ^1 "Поход Эрна-2007". Часть истории или популяризация нацизма? {{ru icon}}
9. ^Russia’s FM: Countries participating in Erna Raid taint cherished memory of their own soldiers
10. ^Russia complains about military competition
11. ^Eesti Päevaleht 7 August 2007: Paet: süüdistused on osa Vene valimiskampaaniast
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jamestown.org/print_friendly.php?volume_id=420&issue_id=4200&article_id= |title=PACE Chairman bending to the Kremlin wind against Estonia |publisher=Jamestown Foundation |date=2007-08-03 |accessdate=2007-08-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165258/http://www.jamestown.org/print_friendly.php?volume_id=420&issue_id=4200&article_id= |archivedate=2007-09-30 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kmin.ee/?op=news&id=1283&setlang=eng |title=Erna Raid and NKVD Destruction Battalions |publisher=Estonian Ministry of Defence |date=2007-08-09 |accessdate=2007-08-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131625/http://www.kmin.ee/?op=news&id=1283&setlang=eng |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.postimees.ee/100807/esileht/siseuudised/276283.php|title=Aaviksoo: Erna retk ei möödunud ilma Venemaa laimukampaaniata|publisher=Postimees |date=2007-08-09|accessdate=2007-08-09|language=et}}

External links

  • Erna Society — Official webpage in English
  • Erna Raid — The Documentary

4 : Recurring events established in 1995|Military excellence competitions|Military of Estonia|Military skills competitions
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