词条 | Ernest Cole (photographer) |
释义 |
OverviewCole was a black South African, born in Eersterust in Pretoria, in 1940. His original family name was Kole and he took the name Cole later.[1] He left school when the Bantu Education Act was put into place in 1953, and instead completed his diploma via a correspondence course with Wolsey Hall, Oxford.[3] He started taking photographs at a very young age, eight years, and in the 1950s was given a camera by a Roman Catholic priest, with which Cole broadened his portfolio. As he himself put it: "I quit school in 1957 rather than go along with the 'bantu' education for servitude which had become more strict than before."[4] In 1958, he applied for a job with Drum magazine. Jürgen Schadeberg, the picture editor, employed him as his assistant.[5] Cole also started a correspondence course with the New York Institute of Photography. While working for Drum, Cole began to mingle with other talented young black South Africans—journalists, photographers, jazz musicians, and political leaders in the burgeoning anti-apartheid movement—and became radicalised in his political views. He soon decided on a project that entailed recording the evils and daily social effects of apartheid. He then worked at the Bantu World newspaper (later renamed The World – now The Sowetan), where he continued his career as a photographer. Seeking to leave South Africa, he became re-classified as a "Coloured," not "Black" because he was able to fool the authorities.[1] As a result, he was able to leave for New York City in 1966. He secretly took his apartheid project prints with him.[6] He showed his work to Magnum Photos and this resulted in a publishing deal with publishing rights owned by Random House. The resulting book, House of Bondage (1967), was banned in South Africa. In the book, Cole writes: "Three-hundred years of white supremacy in South Africa has placed us in bondage, stripped us of our dignity, robbed us of our self-esteem and surrounded us with hate."[7] Later he received a grant from the Ford Foundation for another book, A study of the Negro family in the rural South and the Negro family in the urban ghetto. This was never published although he did take a number of photographs.[1] Cole later moved to Sweden, where he took up filmmaking. The apartheid photos he had taken were used extensively by the ANC in their various publications. Cole died of cancer in New York City on 18 February 1990 at the age of 49.[8] Photographic legacyCole's negatives were considered lost for a long time, but a collection of 60,000 negatives was found at a bank vault in Stockholm and, in April 2018, given to his heirs who had founded The Ernest Cole Family Trust. There are still 504 photographs held at Hasselblad Foundation, estimated value over one million euros, and the ownership of these is in legal dispute.[9] Ernest Cole AwardThe annual Ernest Cole Award was initiated in 2011 under the auspices of the University of Cape Town.[10] Publications
Documentaries
Selected group exhibitions
References1. ^1 {{cite news|title=Ernest Cole |publisher=SA History |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/cole-e.htm |accessdate=2 December 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020154353/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/cole-e.htm |archivedate=20 October 2007 |deadurl=yes }} 2. ^O'Hagan, Sean: [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jan/23/ernest-cole-photographer-apartheid-review Review of Ernest Cole: Photographer by Gunilla Knape & Struan Robertson.] The Observer, 23 January 2011. 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.lensculture.com/articles/ernest-cole-looking-at-power-the-relevance-of-apartheid-photography-today |title=Looking at Power: The Relevance of Apartheid Photography Today}} 4. ^Cole, Ernest: [https://books.google.com/books?id=H84DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=%22ernest+cole%22&source=bl&ots=wgi26JnvLx&sig=pVOAh8p3m8M9sZHwoqyblV6jtT4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CgExVNbiCI2zab6kgrgJ&ved=0CLQDEOgBMEU#v=onepage&q=%22ernest%20cole%22&f=false "My Country, My Hell!"], Ebony, February 1968, p. 68. 5. ^Naggar, Carole: "Ernest Cole, photographer of apartheid." Al Jazeera, 2 September 2014. 6. ^Randall, Dudley: [https://books.google.com/books?id=QzoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=%22ernest+cole%22&source=bl&ots=IhSTC4zF4h&sig=KgINAORvGo8Z58a6BjJvj-MlcaU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CgExVNbiCI2zab6kgrgJ&ved=0CLYDEOgBMEY#v=onepage&q=%22ernest%20cole%22&f=false Review of House of Bondage], Negro Digest, February 1968, p. 94. 7. ^{{cite book |author=Cole, Ernest |title=House of Bondage |publisher=Random House |location=New York |year=1967 |pages= |isbn=0-394-42935-4 |oclc= |doi=}} 8. ^{{cite news |title=Ernest Cole Dies at 49; Recorder of Apartheid |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F3061FFF3D5E0C7A8DDDAB0894D8494D81 |quote=Ernest Cole, a South African photographer who published a pioneering collection of photographs documenting life under apartheid, died of cancer yesterday at New York Hospital in Manhattan. He was 49 years old... |work=The New York Times |date=19 February 1990 |accessdate=18 November 2010 }} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | author=Selander, Torbjörn | date=22 July 2018 | title=Lång kamp om Ernest Coles fotografier | newspaper=Hufvudstadsbladet | pages=22–25 | url=https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/lang-kamp-om-ernest-coles-fotografier/ | language=Swedish |url-access=registration | trans-title=Long battle over Ernest Cole's photographs }} 10. ^"The Ernest Cole Annual Photography Award." Africultures, March 2011. "About the award." Ernest Cole Award website. 11. ^Documentaries: South Africa – Ernest Cole, Journeyman Pictures. 12. ^"Ernest Cole Documentary" (review), Johannesburg City Bytes. 13. ^{{cite news | title=Photographers in This Display | publisher=Victoria & Albert Museum | url =http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photojournalism/ | accessdate = 1 May 2007 }} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Exhibitions |publisher=Apartheid Museum |url=http://www.apartheidmuseum.org/Content/EXHIBITIONS/EXHIBITIONS.html |accessdate=1 May 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928210247/http://www.apartheidmuseum.org/Content/EXHIBITIONS/EXHIBITIONS.html |archivedate=28 September 2007 }} 15. ^{{cite news | title=African Photography 1840–1998 | publisher=The Castle | url =http://www.artthrob.co.za/99jan/listings.htm | accessdate = 1 May 2007 }} 16. ^{{cite news | title=Colour this Whites Only | publisher=Tate Britain | url =http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?cgroupid=999999961&workid=74141&searchid=8766&tabview=text | accessdate = 1 May 2007 }} 17. ^{{cite news | first= Celia W.| last= Dugger| title=Ernest Cole: Photographer | date= 17 November 2010| work = The New York Times| url =https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/18/arts/design/18cole.html | accessdate = 18 November 2010 }} 18. ^{{cite news | title=Everything Was Moving: Photography from the 60s and 70s | publisher=The Barbican Centre | url =http://www.barbican.org.uk/artgallery/event-detail.asp?ID=13613 | accessdate = 4 November 2012 }} Further reading
External links
3 : 1940 births|1990 deaths|South African photographers |
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