| 词条 | Esequiel Hernández Jr. |
| 释义 |
| name = Esequiel Hernández | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = Esequiel Hernández Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date|1979|5|14}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1997|5|20|1979|5|14}} | death_place = Redford, Texas | nationality = American | known_for = High school student killed by United States Marines | height = | weight = | parents = }}Esequiel Hernández Jr. (May 14, 1979{{spaced ndash}}May 20, 1997) was an 18-year-old American high school student killed on May 20, 1997 by United States Marines in Redford, Texas, located approximately one mile from the United States–Mexico border.[1] Hernández was the first American civilian to be killed by military personnel while on duty in the United States since the 1970 Kent State shootings,[2] and led to Secretary of Defense William Cohen issuing a temporary suspension of troop patrols near the U.S.–Mexico border.[3] The shooting inspired the 2005 movie The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada by Tommy Lee Jones, and the 2007 documentary The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez.[4] DeathU.S. Marines Ronald Wieler Jr., Ray Torres Jr., James Matthew Blood, and their fire-team leader, San Francisco native Clemente Bañuelos (all between the ages of 19 and 22), on drug patrol and heavily camouflaged in ghillie suits came upon Hernández herding goats. The camouflaged Marines observed the 18-year-old high school student from concealment at a distance of approximately 200 yards maintaining radio contact with their unit.[5] Hernández, who was carrying a .22 caliber rifle that family members said he used to fend off predators, shot in the direction of the Marines.[1] Continuing to call for Border Patrol assistance, the Marines proceeded to track Hernández for 20 minutes, until Bañuelos shot and killed him, with the bullet entering the armpit on his right side.[5][6] InvestigationA congressional investigation into the killing was scheduled for September 1997.[7] A grand jury examined the fatal shooting and considered criminal charges against the four Marines,[8] but did not indict any of the Marines involved in the shooting.[9] The Justice Department subsequently dropped its investigation.[10] The Marines also investigated the killing.[11] In 1998, the U.S. government paid the Hernández family $1.9 million to settle a wrongful death claim.[12] Clemente Bañuelos, the 22-year-old U.S. Marine who fatally shot Hernández was not charged.[13] The Ballad of Esequiel HernandezThe 2007 documentary The Ballad of Esequiel Hernandez explores his killing by Marines, analysing both sides of the issue. It won best-documentary awards at the Mexico City Film Festival and Santa Fe Film Festival in 2007 and at the El Paso festival in 2008. It is directed by Kieran Fitzgerald[14] and narrated by Tommy Lee Jones. The documentary premiered July 8, 2008 on PBS. See also{{Portal|Texas|Military history|Biography}}
External links
References1. ^1 {{cite news | work=Time | last=Gwynne/Marfa | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986881,00.html | title=Border Skirmish | date=1997-08-25 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hernandez, Esequiel Jr.}}2. ^{{cite news | first=Monte | last=Paulsen | publisher=Austin Chronicle | url=http://www.dpft.org/hernandez/paulsen.htm | title=Fatal Error: The Pentagon's War on Drugs Takes a Toll on the Innocent | date=1998-12-25 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 3. ^{{cite news | last=Kasindorg | first=Martin | publisher=USA Today | url=http://www.dpft.org/hernandez/usat_073097.html | title=Pentagon Pulls Troops Off Drug Patrols | date=1997-07-30 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 4. ^{{cite news | first=Manohla | last=Dargis | work=The New York Times | url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2005/12/14/movies/14buri.html | title=Dead Man Rising: An Odyssey in Texas | date=2005-12-14 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|publisher=Hartford Advocate |url=http://www.hartfordadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=8533 |title=On the Border |date=2008-06-30 |accessdate=2008-07-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080715175613/http://www.hartfordadvocate.com/article.cfm?aid=8533 |archivedate=2008-07-15 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 6. ^{{cite magazine | first=Robert | last=Draper | authorlink=Robert Draper | magazine=Texas Monthly | url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/soldiers-of-misfortune-2/ | title=Soldiers of Misfortune | date=August 1997 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404025752/https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/soldiers-of-misfortune-2/ | archivedate=2018-04-04}} 7. ^{{cite news | first=Judy | last=Wiessler | publisher=Austin Chronicle | url=http://www.dpft.org/hernandez/hc_071797.html | title=House panel plans probe of S. Texas border killing | date=1997-07-17 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 8. ^{{cite news | first=Sam | last=Howe Verhovek | work=The New York Times | url=http://www.dpft.org/hernandez/nyt_073197.html | title=Grand Jury to Examine Fatal Shooting of 18-Year-Old by Marine | date=1997-07-31 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 9. ^{{cite news | first=Charles | last=Zeve | publisher=CNN | url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9708/14/border.shooting/ | title=Grand jury doesn't indict Marine in border shooting | date=1997-08-14 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 10. ^{{cite news | first=Anne S. | last=Lewis | publisher=Austin Chronicle | url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid%3A632179 | title=Tragedy on the Border | date=2008-06-06 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 11. ^{{cite report | first=John T. | last=Coyne | publisher=United States Marine Corps | url=http://www.dpft.org/hernandez/coyne.htm | title=INVESTIGATION TO INQUIRE INTO THE CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING THE JOINT TASK FORCE-6 (JTF-6) SHOOTING INCIDENT THAT OCCURRED ON 20 MAY 1997 NEAR THE BORDER BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO| date=1998-04-07}} 12. ^{{cite news | first=Thaddeus | last=Herrick | newspaper=Houston Chronicle | url=http://chron.com/content/chronicle/page1/98/08/12/border-shooting_2-0.html | title=Family to receive $1.9 million in border shooting | date=1998-08-12 | page=A1 }} 13. ^{{cite news | first=Michelle | last=Mittelstadt | newspaper=Austin Chronicle | url=http://www.dpft.org/articles/nocharges.htm | title=Feds won't press charges in border shooting | date=1998-02-26 | accessdate=2008-07-12}} 14. ^{{cite news | first=Michelle | last=Casady | publisher=Houston Chronicle | url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ent/5876001.html | title=Documentary explores Texas teen's killing by Marines | date=2008-07-08 | accessdate=2008-07-11}} 6 : 1979 births|1997 deaths|Murdered American students|People murdered in Texas|Mexico–United States border|Deaths by firearm in Texas |
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