| 词条 | Estácio de Sá |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = |name = Estácio de Sá |native_name = |native_name_lang = |honorific-suffix = |image = Fundação do Rio de Janeiro.JPG |imagesize = |smallimage = |alt = |caption = The founding of the city of Rio de Janeiro by Estácio de Sá |order = |office = Governor of Rio de Janeiro |term_start = 1565 |term_end = 1567 |monarch = Sebastian I of Portugal |predecessor = Office created |successor = Mem de Sá |birth_date = 1520 |birth_place = Santarém, Kingdom of Portugal |death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1567|2|20|1520}} |death_place = Rio de Janeiro, Colony of Brazil |restingplace = |restingplacecoordinates = |birthname = |citizenship = |nationality = Portuguese |party = |otherparty = |spouse = |partner = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = |profession = |cabinet = |committees = |portfolio = |religion = |signature = |signature_alt = |nickname = |allegiance = {{flag|Portuguese Empire}} |branch = |serviceyears = |rank = |unit = |commands = |battles = Battle of Rio de Janeiro |awards = |military_blank1 = |military_data1 = |military_blank2 = |military_data2 = |military_blank3 = |military_data3 = |military_blank4 = |military_data4 = |military_blank5 = |military_data5 = }} Estácio de Sá (1520–1567) was a Portuguese soldier and officer. Sá travelled to the colony of Brazil on the orders of the Portuguese crown to wage war on the French colonists commanded by Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon.[1] These French colonists had established themselves in 1555 at Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro, in a settlement known as France Antarctique.[1] He was the founder of Rio de Janeiro, now the second largest city in Brazil. BiographyBorn in Santarém, Portugal in 1520, Estácio de Sá was the nephew of the Governor General of the colony of Brazil, Mem de Sá.[1] He arrived with two galleons at Salvador, Bahia, in 1564.[1] In 1565, after extensive preparations and the help of Jesuits, such as Manuel da Nóbrega and José de Anchieta, he departed by sea from São Vicente, São Paulo, the first Portuguese settlement in Brazil, with an attack force. On March 1, he founded the city of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro near the Sugarloaf Mountain and established the basis of his military operations against the French and their Aboriginal allies.[1] After receiving reinforcements sent by sea by his uncle from Salvador, Sá commanded a definitive and successful attack on the fortification of Uruçú-mirim on 20 January 1567. He died on 20 February 1567 of wounds inflicted by an arrow which had perforated his eye.[1] Sá was interred in the church of Saint Sebastian in the encampment he had founded. As the city of Rio de Janeiro grew, his remains were relocated to a new church of Saint Sebastian in the Castelo.[1] His remains were rediscovered in 1839 by several scholars working for Emperor Pedro II, and, in 1862, when the church was being rebuilt, some of his bones were exhumed in the presence of the emperor and placed in a "worthy urn".[1] LegacyAs the founder of Rio de Janeiro, Estácio de Sá is honored by the names of many locations and institutions in Brazil. A brief list follows:
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book | title = Brazilian Biographical Annual | first = Joaquim Manoel | last = De Macedo | year = 1876 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vyAIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA122 | pages = 121–123 | volume = II | publisher = Typographia e Lithographia do Imperial Instituto Artistico | location = Rio de Janeiro}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sa, Estacio}} 11 : 1520 births|1567 deaths|People from Santarém, Portugal|Portuguese soldiers|Colonial Brazil|Deaths by arrow wounds|City founders|Portuguese colonization of the Americas|Portuguese colonial governors and administrators|16th-century Portuguese people|France Antarctique |
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