| 词条 | Ethel MacDonald |
| 释义 |
| pre-nominals = | name = Ethel MacDonald | post-nominals = | image = | image_upright = | alt = (24 February 1909—1 December 1960) | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pronunciation = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1909|02|24|df=y}} | birth_place = Lanarkshire, Scotland | baptised = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1960|12|01|1909|02|24|df=y}} | death_place = Knightswood Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = Scottish | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Anarchist, activist, propagandist | years_active = | era = | employer = The Strickland Press | organization = Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = Independent Labour Party | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }}{{Anarchism sidebar}} Ethel MacDonald (24 February 1909 – 1 December 1960) was a Glasgow-based Scottish anarchist and activist and, in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, a propagandist on Barcelona Loyalist radio. Early yearsA native of North Lanarkshire,[1][2][3] Ethel MacDonald, the fifth of nine children,[1] left home at sixteen, joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP)[4] and worked at various jobs. In 1925[2] she met Guy Aldred and, with him, became politically active in the Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation (APCF). In 1933 she accepted his invitation to work as his secretary,[5] and joined him in the June 1934[6] formation of the United Socialist Movement (USM). Spanish Civil WarIn November 1936[7] MacDonald travelled to Barcelona with Guy Aldred's partner, Jenny Patrick, to represent and show the support of the Scottish anarchist movement for the Republican (Loyalist) side in the Spanish Civil War. In January 1937[8] she began to transmit regular English-language reports on the war on Barcelona's widely heard Anarchist radio station run by the National Confederation of Labor (CNT). In the crackdown following the events of May 1937 she assisted the escape of anarchists wanted by the Communist secret police and smuggled into prison letters and food for fellow anarchists held by regional authorities.[9] Through her activities in helping anarchists escape Spain, she became renowned in the British press as the "Scots Scarlet Pimpernel".[9] Between July and November 1937, she was a national figure in the newspapers, with daily reports and inquiries as to her whereabouts and activities. Eventually she herself was arrested by a faction of the Loyalist forces, but later released. She returned to Glasgow that November, following speaking engagements in France and Amsterdam.[10] Later years and deathAfter her return from Spain, Ethel MacDonald worked closely with Guy Aldred, Jenny Patrick, John Taylor Caldwell and other Glasgow anarchists on a shoestring publishing enterprise, The Strickland Press, which published regular issues of the USM organ, The Word. They continued their activities through World War II and the 1950s peace movement, with MacDonald considered as the unofficial manager, bookkeeper and printer of The Strickland Press. She and Guy Aldred donated their papers to the Mitchell Library in Glasgow. The collection numbers approximately 500 items consisting of Spanish newspapers, bulletins, newssheets, flyers, posters, pamphlets and photographs issued under the auspices of the CNT and the Iberian Anarchist Federation during 1936-1938. Ethel MacDonald was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in February 1958 and lost her ability to speak. Within three years she died in Glasgow's Knightswood Hospital at the age of 51. ReferencesNotes1. ^1 {{Harvnb|Dolan|2009|p=7}} 2. ^1 {{Harvnb|Gray|2008|p=168}} 3. ^Dolan states Motherwell, the Evening Times and Gray state Bellshill. 4. ^{{Harvnb|Dolan|2009|p=33}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Dolan|2009|p=50}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Dolan|2009|p=47}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Gray|2008|p=167}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Gray|2008|p=169}} 9. ^1 {{Harvnb|Gray|2008|pp=171–172}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Gray|2008|p=176}} Citations{{Reflist|2}}Sources
| last = Caldwell | first = John Taylor | authorlink = John Taylor Caldwell | title = Come dungeons dark: the life and times of Guy Aldred, Glasgow anarchist | publisher = Luath Press | year = 1988 | location = Edinburgh | isbn = 0-946487-19-7 | ref=harv}}
| last = Caldwell | first = John Taylor | authorlink = John Taylor Caldwell | title = With fate conspire: memoirs of a Glasgow seafarer and anarchist | publisher = Northern Herald | year = 1999 | location = Bradford | isbn =0-9523167-1-4 | ref=harv}}
| last = Hodgart | first = Rhona M. | title = Ethel MacDonald: Glasgow Woman Anarchist | publisher = Kate Sharpley Library | isbn = 1-873605-28-5 | ref=harv}}
| last = Dolan | first = Chris | title = An anarchist's story: the life of Ethel MacDonald | publisher = Birlinn | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-84158-685-4 | ref=harv}}
| last = Gray | first = Daniel | title = Homage to Caledonia | publisher = Luath Press | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-906817-16-9 | ref=harv}} Film
External links
13 : Scottish anarchists|Scottish activists|People from Motherwell|People from Glasgow|British people of the Spanish Civil War|Scottish essayists|1909 births|1960 deaths|Deaths from multiple sclerosis|Women in war 1900–1945|Women in war in Spain|Anarchism in Scotland|20th-century essayists |
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