| 词条 | Ethylenediamine |
| 释义 |
| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 409535272 | Name = | ImageFile = Ethane-1,2-diamine 200.svg | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageName = Skeletal formula of ethylenediamine | ImageFileL1 = Ethylenediamine-3D-balls-2.png | ImageFileL1_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageNameL1 = Ball and stick model of ethylenediamine | ImageFileR1 = Ethylenediamine-3D-spacefill.png | ImageFileR1_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageNameR1 = Space-filling model of ethylenediamine | ImageFile2_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageName2 = Sample of ethylenediamine in a jar | PIN = Ethane-1,2-diamine | SystematicName = Ethane-1,2-diamine[1] | OtherNames = Edamine[2] 1,2-Diaminoethane, 'en' when a ligand | IUPACName = | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = en | CASNo = 107-15-3 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | PubChem = 3301 | ChemSpiderID = 13835550 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | UNII = 60V9STC53F | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | EINECS = 203-468-6 | UNNumber = 1604 | KEGG = D01114 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | MeSHName = ethylenediamine | ChEBI = 30347 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 816 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | RTECS = KH8575000 | Beilstein = 605263 | Gmelin = 1098 | SMILES = NCCN | StdInChI = 1S/C2H8N2/c3-1-2-4/h1-4H2 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | C=2 | H=8 | N=2 | Appearance = Colorless liquid[3] | Odor = Ammoniacal[3] | Density = 0.90 g/cm3[3] | MeltingPtC = 8 | MeltingPt_ref = [3] | BoilingPtC = 116 | BoilingPt_ref = [3] | Solubility = miscible | LogP = −2.057 | VaporPressure = 1.3 kPa (at 20 °C) | HenryConstant = 5.8 mol Pa−1 kg−1 | RefractIndex = 1.4565 | MagSus = {{ubl| -46.26·10−6 cm3/mol| -76.2·10−6 cm3/mol (HCl salt)}} }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | DeltaHf = −63.55–−62.47 kJ mol−1 | DeltaHc = −1.8678–−1.8668 MJ mol−1 | Entropy = 202.42 J K−1 mol−1 | HeatCapacity = 172.59 J K−1 mol−1 }} | Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards | GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS corrosion}} {{GHS exclamation mark}} {{GHS health hazard}} | GHSSignalWord = DANGER | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|302|312|314|317|334}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|280|305+351+338|310}} | NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 3 | NFPA-R = 0 | FlashPtC =34 | FlashPt_ref = [3] | AutoignitionPtC = 385 | AutoignitionPt_ref = [3] | ExploLimits = 2.7–16% | LD50 = 500 mg/kg (oral, rat) 470 mg/kg (oral, guinea pig) 1160 mg/kg (oral, rat)[4] | PEL = TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)[5] | IDLH = 1000 ppm[5] | REL = TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3)[5] }} | Section5 = {{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = alkanamines | OtherFunction =1,2-Diaminopropane, 1,3-Diaminopropane | OtherCompounds = Ethylamine, Ethylenedinitramine }} | Section6 = }} Ethylenediamine (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2. This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a strongly basic amine. It is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000 tonnes produced in 1998.[6] Ethylenediamine readily reacts with moisture in humid air to produce a corrosive, toxic and irritating mist, to which even short exposures can cause serious damage to health (see safety). Ethylenediamine is the first member of the so-called polyethylene amines. SynthesisEthylenediamine is produced industrially by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia under pressure at 180 °C in an aqueous medium:[6][7] In this reaction hydrogen chloride is generated, which forms a salt with the amine. The amine is liberated by addition of sodium hydroxide and can then be recovered by {{ill|Rectification (chemical/process engineering)|lt=rectification|de|Rektifikation (Verfahrenstechnik)}}. Diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are formed as by-products. Another industrial route to ethylenediamine involves the reaction of ethanolamine and ammonia:[8] This process involves passing the gaseous reactants over a bed of nickel heterogeneous catalysts. ApplicationsEthylenediamine is used in large quantities for production of many industrial chemicals. It forms derivatives with carboxylic acids (including fatty acids), nitriles, alcohols (at elevated temperatures), alkylating agents, carbon disulfide, and aldehydes and ketones. Because of its bifunctional nature, having two amines, it readily forms heterocycles such as imidazolidines. Precursor to chelation agents, drugs, and agrochemicalsA most prominent derivative of ethylenediamine is the chelating agent EDTA, which is derived from ethylenediamine via a Strecker synthesis involving cyanide and formaldehyde. Hydroxyethylethylenediamine is another commercially significant chelating agent.[6] Numerous bio-active compounds and drugs contain the N-CH2-CH2-N linkage, including some antihistamines.[9] Salts of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate are commercially significant fungicides under the brand names Maneb, Mancozeb, Zineb, and Metiram. Some imidazoline-containing fungicides are derived from ethylenediamine.[6] Pharmaceutical ingredientEthylenediamine is an ingredient in the common bronchodilator drug aminophylline, where it serves to solubilize the active ingredient theophylline. Ethylenediamine has also been used in dermatologic preparations, but has been removed from some because of causing contact dermatitis.[10] When used as a pharmaceutical excipient, after oral administration its bioavailability is about 0.34, due to a substantial first-pass effect. Less than 20% is eliminated by urinal excretion.[11] Ethylenediamine-derived antihistamines are the oldest of the five classes of first-generation antihistamines, beginning with piperoxan aka benodain, discovered in 1933 at the Pasteur Institute in France, and also including mepyramine, tripelennamine, and antazoline. The other classes are derivatives of ethanolamine, alkylamine, piperazine, and others (primarily tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds related to phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, as well as the cyproheptadine-phenindamine family) Role in polymersEthylenediamine, because it contains two amine groups, is a widely used precursor to various polymers. Condensates derived from formaldehyde are plasticizers. It is widely used in the production of polyurethane fibers. The PAMAM class of dendrimers are derived from ethylenediamine.[6] TetraacetylethylenediamineThe bleaching activator tetraacetylethylenediamine is generated from ethylenediamine. The derivative N,N-ethylenebis(stearamide) (EBS) is a commercially significant mold-release agent and a surfactant in gasoline and motor oil. Other applications
Coordination chemistryEthylenediamine is a well-known bidentate chelating ligand for coordination compounds, with the two nitrogen atoms donating their lone pairs of electrons when ethylenediamine acts as a ligand. It is often abbreviated "en" in inorganic chemistry. The complex [Co(ethylenediamine)3]3+ is an archetypical chiral tris-chelate complex. The salen ligands, some of which are used in catalysis, are derived from the condensation of salicylaldehydes and ethylenediamine. Related ligandsRelated derivatives of ethylenediamine include tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA). Chiral analogs of ethylenediamine include 1,2-diaminopropane and trans-diaminocyclohexane. SafetyEthylenediamine, like ammonia and other low-molecular weight amines, is a skin and respiratory irritant. Unless tightly contained, liquid ethylenediamine will release toxic and irritating vapors into its surroundings, especially on heating. The vapors react with moisture in humid air to form a characteristic white mist, which is extremely irritating to skin, eyes, lungs and mucus membranes. References1. ^{{Cite web|title=ethylenediamine - Compound Summary|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=3301&loc=ec_rcs#x291|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate=3 May 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}} 2. ^{{Cite web|title=32007R0129|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32007R0129:EN:NOT|publisher=European Union|accessdate=3 May 2012|date=12 February 2007|at=Annex II}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{GESTIS|ZVG=32650}} 4. ^{{IDLH|107153|Ethylenediamine}} 5. ^1 2 {{PGCH|0269}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke "Amines, Aliphatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a02_001}} 7. ^Hans-Jürgen Arpe, Industrielle Organische Chemie, 6. Auflage (2007), Seite 245, Wiley VCH 8. ^Hans-Jürgen Arpe, Industrielle Organische Chemie, 6. Auflage (2007), Seite 275, Wiley VCH 9. ^{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00347.x | author=Kotti, S. R. S. S. | author2=Timmons, C. | author3=Li, G. | last-author-amp=yes | title=Vicinal diamino functionalities as privileged structural elements in biologically active compounds and exploitation of their synthetic chemistry | pmid=16492158 | journal = Chemical Biology & Drug Design | year = 2006 | volume = 67 | issue = 2| pages=101–114 }} 10. ^{{cite journal| author= Hogan DJ| title= Allergic contact dermatitis to ethylenediamine. A continuing problem. | journal = Dermatol Clin |date=January 1990 | volume = 8 |issue = 1 | pages=133–6 |pmid = 2137392 }} 11. ^{{cite journal| author=Zuidema J. | title=Ethylenediamine, profile of a sensitizing excipient.| journal = Pharmacy World & Science | date= 1985-08-23 | volume = 7| issue = 4 | pages= 134–40 | doi = 10.1007/BF02097249| pmid = 3900925}} External links{{Commonscat-inline}}
7 : Diamines|Amine solvents|Chelating agents|Fuel antioxidants|Corrosion inhibitors|Commodity chemicals|Ethyleneamines |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。