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词条 Euastacus
释义

  1. Species

  2. References

  3. External links

{{Use Australian English|date=September 2011}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
| name = Euastacus
| regnum = Animalia
| image =Euastacus_spinifer.jpg
| image_caption = Euastacus spinifer
| phylum = Arthropoda
| subphylum = Crustacea
| classis = Malacostraca
| ordo = Decapoda
| infraordo = Astacidea
| superfamilia = Parastacoidea
| familia = Parastacidae
| genus = Euastacus
| genus_authority = Clark, 1936
| type_species = Euastacus elongatus Clark, 1941
| range_map = Euastacus distribution.svg
| range_map_width =
| range_map_caption =
}}

Euastacus is a genus of freshwater crayfish known as "spiny crayfish". They are found in the south-east of the Australian mainland, along with another genus of crayfish, Cherax. Both genera are members of the family Parastacidae, a family of freshwater crayfish restricted to the Southern Hemisphere.

Euastacus crayfish are distinguished from the smooth-shelled Cherax species by the short robust spikes on their claws and carapace, and frequently, their larger size. Many Euastacus species grow to a relatively large size, with the Murray River crayfish (Euastacus armatus) being the second largest freshwater crayfish species in the world. (The largest freshwater crayfish in the world is the Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish (Astacopsis gouldi), found on the Australian island of Tasmania, and the genus Astacopsis is now known to be a very closely related sister genus to Euastacus.)

The genera Cherax and Euastacus continue a trend present in many Australian native freshwater fish genera of speciation into generalist lowland and specialist upland species. Generally, Cherax species inhabit lowland rivers at low to medium altitudes and swamps and ephemeral waters in inland areas of Australia including the Murray-Darling Basin. Conversely, Euastacus species are only found in permanent waters and generally inhabit upland rivers at medium to high altitudes in the Murray-Darling Basin as well as many easterly and southerly flowing coastal river systems. The partial exceptions to this are:

  • the Murray River crayfish which was originally found along the entire length of the Murray River in addition to many upland habitats, and is still found in the middle reaches of the Murray River
  • the Glenelg Spiny Crayfish (Eustacus bispinosus), found (or formerly found) in lowland areas of the Glenelg River system and Eight Mile Creek/Ewen Ponds system [1]
  • the Gippsland Crayfish (Euastacus kershawi), found in lowland areas of some streams in the Gippsland area.

Even when found in lowland habitats, these several more adaptable Euastacus crayfish are still highly dependent on reliable flows and good water quality, with good dissolved oxygen levels and low salinity. In contrast to Cherax (yabby) species, Euastacus species are unable to survive drying of their habitats.

The genus Cherax has a far wider distribution than the genus Euastacus, and is found in many parts of Australia including south-western Australia. The genus Euastacus is restricted to the south-east of the Australian mainland. There is a high degree of endemism in Euastacus species in coastal river systems, with many species restricted to single river or creek catchment. Euastacus species occur in several upland reservoirs.

Species

Of the 50 species in the genus Euastacus,[2][3] 17 are on the IUCN Red List as critically endangered (CR), 17 are endangered (EN), 5 vulnerable (VU), 1 near threatened (NT), 8 least concern (LC) and 1 is data deficient (DD):

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Euastacus armatus (Von Martens, 1866) [4]
  • Euastacus australasiensis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) [5]
  • Euastacus balanesis Morgan, 1988 [6]
  • Euastacus bidawalis Morgan, 1986 [7]
  • Euastacus bindal Morgan, 1989 [8]
  • Euastacus bispinosus Clark, 1936 [9]
  • Euastacus brachythorax Riek, 1969 [10]
  • Euastacus clarkae Morgan, 1997 [11]
  • Euastacus claytoni Riek, 1969 [12]
  • Euastacus crassus Riek, 1969 [13]
  • Euastacus dalagarbe Coughran, 2005 [14]
  • Euastacus dangadi Morgan, 1997 [15]
  • Euastacus diharawalus Morgan, 1997 [16]
  • Euastacus diversus Riek, 1969 [17]
  • Euastacus eungella Morgan, 1988 [18]
  • Euastacus fleckeri (Watson, 1953) [19]
  • Euastacus gamilaroi Morgan, 1997 [20]
  • Euastacus girurmulayn Coughran, 2005 [21]
  • Euastacus gumar Morgan, 1997 [22]
  • Euastacus guruhgi Coughran, 2005 [23]
  • Euastacus guwinus Morgan, 1997 [24]
  • Euastacus hirsutus (McCulloch, 1917) [25]
  • Euastacus hystricosus Riek, 1951 [26]
  • Euastacus jagabar Coughran, 2005 [27]
  • Euastacus jagara Morgan, 1988 [28]
  • Euastacus kershawi Smith, 1912 [29]
  • Euastacus maccai McCormack & Coughran, 2008 [30]
  • Euastacus maidae (Riek, 1956) [31]
  • Euastacus mirangudjin Coughran, 2002 [32]
  • Euastacus monteithorum Morgan, 1989 [33]
  • Euastacus morgani Coughran & McCormack, 2011
  • Euastacus neodiversus Riek, 1969 [34]
  • Euastacus neohirsutus Riek, 1956 [35]
  • Euastacus pilosus Coughran & Leckie, 2007 [36]
  • Euastacus polysetosus Riek, 1951 [37]
  • Euastacus reductus Riek, 1969 [38]
  • Euastacus rieki Morgan, 1997 [39]
  • Euastacus robertsi Monroe, 1977 [40]
  • Euastacus setosus (Riek, 1956) [41]
  • Euastacus simplex Riek, 1956 [42]
  • Euastacus spinichelatus Morgan, 1997 [43]
  • Euastacus spinifer (Heller, 1865) [44]
  • Euastacus sulcatus Riek, 1951 [45]
  • Euastacus suttoni Clark, 1941 [46]
  • Euastacus urospinosus (Riek, 1956) [47]
  • Euastacus valentulus Riek, 1951 [48]
  • Euastacus wiowuru Morgan, 1986 [49]
  • Euastacus yanga Morgan, 1997 [50]
  • Euastacus yarraensis (McCoy, 1888) [51]
  • Euastacus yigara Short & Davie, 1993 [52]
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/81552-listing-advice.pdf |author=((Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water)) |year=2011 |title=Listing Advice for Euastacus bispinosus |accessdate=20 April 2011}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/NewAstacidea/genus.asp?g=Euastacus |author=James W. Fetzner Jr. |title=Euastacus |date=14 January 2008 |work=Crayfish Taxon Browser |publisher=Carnegie Museum of Natural History |accessdate=10 March 2010}}
3. ^{{cite journal |author1=Jason Coughran |author2=Robert B. McCormack |year=2011 |title=Euastacus morgani sp. n., a new spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the highland rainforests of eastern New South Wales, Australia |journal=ZooKeys |volume=85 |pages=17–26 |pmid=21594095 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.85.1237 |pmc=3082992}}
4. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=N. Alves |assessor2=J. Coughran |assessor3=J. Furse |assessor4=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8136 |title=Euastacus armatus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
5. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153703 |title=Euastacus australasiensis |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
6. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153672 |title=Euastacus balanesis |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
7. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |assessor3=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153720 |title=Euastacus bidawalis |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
8. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8137 |title=Euastacus bindal |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
9. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8138 |title=Euastacus bispinosus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
10. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153615 |title=Euastacus brachythorax |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
11. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153666 |title=Euastacus clarkae |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
12. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153718 |title=Euastacus claytoni |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
13. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |assessor3=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8148 |title=Euastacus crassus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
14. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153601 |title=Euastacus dalagarbe |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
15. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153737 |title=Euastacus dangadi |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
16. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153704 |title=Euastacus dharawalus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
17. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |assessor3=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8149 |title=Euastacus diversus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
18. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8139 |title=Euastacus eungella |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
19. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8140 |title=Euastacus fleckeri |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
20. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153613 |title=Euastacus gamilaroi |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
21. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153646 |title=Euastacus girurmulayn |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
22. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153609 |title=Euastacus gumar |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
23. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153676 |title=Euastacus guruhgi |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
24. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153645 |title=Euastacus guwinus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
25. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessorsJ. Furse & J. Cochran= |year=2010 |id=153733 |title=Euastacus hirsutus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
26. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8141 |title=Euastacus hystricosus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
27. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153692 |title=Euastacus jagabar |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
28. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8142 |title=Euastacus jagara |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
29. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |assessor3=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153632 |title=Euastacus kershawi |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
30. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=165919 |title=Euastacus maccai |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
31. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8143 |title=Euastacus maidae |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
32. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153743 |title=Euastacus mirangudjin |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
33. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8144 |title=Euastacus monteithorum |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
34. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8150 |title=Euastacus neodiversus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
35. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153653 |title=Euastacus neohirsutus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
36. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153736 |title=Euastacus pilosus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
37. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153725 |title=Euastacus polysetosus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
38. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153604 |title=Euastacus reductus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
39. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |assessor3=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153706 |title=Euastacus rieki |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
40. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8145 |title=Euastacus robertsi |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
41. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8146 |title=Euastacus setosus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
42. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153686 |title=Euastacus simplex |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
43. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153673 |title=Euastacus spinichelatus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
44. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153707 |title=Euastacus spinifer |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
45. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Furse |assessor2=J. Cochran |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153638 |title=Euastacus sulcatus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
46. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153727 |title=Euastacus suttoni |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
47. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8147 |title=Euastacus urospinosus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
48. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153658 |title=Euastacus valentulus |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
49. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |assessor3=S. Lawler |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153630 |title=Euastacus wiowuru |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
50. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153631 |title=Euastacus yanga |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
51. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=153639 |title=Euastacus yarreansis |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}
52. ^{{IUCN2010 |assessor=J. Cochran |assessor2=J. Furse |last-assessor-amp=yes |year=2010 |id=8151 |title=Euastacus yigara |version=2011.1 |downloaded=25 August 2011}}

External links

  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6b44WweEo0 Giant Spiny Crayfish (Euastacus spinifer) video on Youtube]
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-IhWQqmKl0 Gippsland Spiny Crayfish (Euastacus kershawi) video on Youtube]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q309353}}

4 : Parastacidae|Freshwater crustaceans of Australia|Crustacean genera|Euastacus
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