| 词条 | Eugene Island block 330 oil field |
| 释义 |
| name = Eugene Island block 330 oil field | country = United States | region = Gulf of Mexico | location = | block = Eugen Island 313, 314 south, 330, 331, 332, 337, 338 | offonshore = offshore | coordinates = | operator = | operators = Apache Corporation; Devon Energy[1] | partners = | image = | caption = | discovery = 1971 | start_development = 1971 | start_production = 1972 | peak_year = 1977 | peak_of_production_oil_bbl/d = 95290 | peak_of_production_gas_mmcuft/d = 482,000 | abandonment = | oil_production_bbl/d = | oil_production_tpy = | production_year_oil = | production_gas_mmcuft/d = | production_gas_mmscm/d = | production_gas_bcm/y = | production_year_gas = | est_oil_bbl = | est_oil_t = | est_gas_bft = | est_gas_bcm = | formations = Pliocene-Pleistocene sands }}Eugene Island block 330 oil field is an oil field in the United States Exclusive Economic Zone in the Gulf of Mexico. It is located {{convert|170|mi}} southwest of New Orleans, {{convert|70|-|85|mi}} off the Louisiana coast comprising six and a half leased blocks: Eugene Island 313, 314 south, 330, 331, 332, 337 and 338.[2] HistoryIn the outer continental shelf lease sale on December 15, 1970 {{convert|240,361|ha}} were offered for lease, including Eugene Island blocks. The Block 330 area was acquired by Pennzoil (now part of Royal Dutch Shell). As the Pliocene-Pleistocene sands were considered geochemically immature and wells drilled to the north of Block 330 discovered natural gas, Pennzoil expected to discover a natural gas not oil. The oil field was discovered in March 1971 while drilling the 1 OCS G-2115 well.[2] Approximately at the same time oil was discovered by Royal Dutch Shell in the adjoining block 331.[3] By the end of 1971, two platforms had been installed in the field. The first development well was drilled on Block 330 by Pennzoil's "A" platform in November 1971. Production started in September 1972 in the block 331. During 1972 four more platforms were installed and later the number of platforms increased to nine.[3] From 1975 to 1980, the field was the largest producing field in the Federal outer continental shelf. Production peaked in 1977 by {{convert|95,290|oilbbl}} of liquids (crude oil and gas liquids) and {{convert|482,000|Mcuft}} per day.[2] Enhanced oil recovery operations started in August 1975. Water injection was used on blocks 331 and 314, and starting from December 1979 gas injection was used on block 330.[3] GeologyThe field is an anticlinal structure on the downthrown side of a major salt diapir associated growth fault and produces from 25 Pliocene-Pleistocene delta-front sandstone reservoirs at depths from 1290 to 3600 m.[4] The structure was located with reconnaissance reflection seismology 2D lines recorded from 1966 to 1970, coupled with well data defined lithofacies and isopach maps indicating large delta systems.[4] Relative amplitude seismic profiles reveal "prominent hydrocarbon indicators" such as bright spots and flat spots, and seismic facies analysis show shingled, oblique and sigmoid reflections typical for delta-front sandstones.[4] Depletion rateThe oil field is best known for the controversy surrounding its depletion rate. According to a 1999 Wall Street Journal article: {{quote|Something mysterious is going on at Eugene Island 330. Production at the oil field, deep in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, was supposed to have declined years ago. And for a while, it behaved like any normal field: Following its 1973 discovery, Eugene Island 330's output peaked at about {{convert|15000|oilbbl/d}}. By 1989, production had slowed to about {{convert|4000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}. Then suddenly -- some say almost inexplicably -- Eugene Island's fortunes reversed. The field, operated by PennzEnergy Co., is now producing {{convert|13000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}, and probable reserves have rocketed to more than 400 million barrels from 60 million.[5]|Christopher Cooper|Wall Street Journal}}However, Richard Heinberg provides his own figures: {{quote|Production from Eugene Island had achieved {{convert|20000|oilbbl/d}} by 1989; by 1992 it had slipped to {{convert|15000|oilbbl/d|abbr=on}}, but recovered to reach a peak of {{convert|30000|oilbbl/d|abbr=on}} in 1996. Production from the reservoir has dropped steadily since then.[6]|Richard Heinberg|Energy Bulletin}}The source of additional oil was analyzed as migrating through faults from deeper and older formations below the probable Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age. The oil contains biomarkers closely related to other very old oils which were long trapped in deep formations.[7] Eugene Island 330's fame comes from its status as an unusual anomaly. Most petroleum scientists believe that the depletion profile is adequately explained by replenishment from deeper reservoirs of normal biologically derived petroleum. In regard to oil depletion concerns, while the rate went up again in the early 1990s along with the overall estimated recoverable petroleum, the rate has since declined.{{Clarify|date=June 2010|reason=give numbers, cite would be useful, 13,000, 15,000, 20,000 barrels? Specify when "when" is, the early 1990s?}} Production and ownership{{As of|1987}} June 30 the cumulative production of Eugene Island 330 was {{convert|481|Moilbbl}} of oil equivalent,[2] which is equivalent to an average of about {{convert|82000|oilbbl/d}}, taking 1971 as start of production. Oil and condensate production alone totaled {{convert|271|Moilbbl}} with a maximum daily production of {{convert|95290|oilbbl/d}} in 1977.[2] Oil is exported through the Shell Pipeline Co LP operated Eugene Island Pipeline System.[8]{{As of|1999}} the owners of the block leases (numbers in parentheses) are Chevron Corporation (313), Royal Dutch Shell (331), Ecee, Inc (330), Palo Petroleum (337).[2] {{As of|2010}} Arena Offshore / Chevron Corporation joint venture RIKER (338). {{As of|2011}} Arena Offshore (314).References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.energyxxi.com/central-shelf-operations.asp |title= Central Shelf Operations | publisher= Energy XXI |accessdate=2010-07-05}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|url=http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/97015/eugene.htm|title=Eugene Island Block 330 Field--U.S.A. Offshore Louisiana|last1=Holland|first1=David S.|first2=John B. | last2=Leedy | first3= David R. | last3=Lammlein |year=1999 |journal =AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields, Structural Traps III |publisher=American Association of Petroleum Geologists |pages=103–143|quote=Fig. 2. Acquisition history and current lease ownership|accessdate=11 June 2010}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite journal|url=http://www.onepetro.org/mslib/servlet/onepetropreview?id=00010003&soc=SPE |title= Eugene Island Block 330 Field — Development and Production History |last1=Lewis |first1= Ronald L. |first2= Harvey J. | last2= Dupuy Jr. |date=November 1983 | volume = 35 | issue = 11 |journal = Journal of Petroleum Technology |publisher=Society of Petroleum Engineers |pages=1956–1962 | doi= 10.2118/10003-PA |accessdate=2010-07-05| issn = 0149-2136}} 4. ^1 2 Holland, D.S., Nunan, W.E., Lammlein, D.R., and Woodhams, R.L., 1980, Eugene Island Block 330 Field, Offshore Louisiana, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade:1968-1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa:American Association of Petroleum Geologists, {{ISBN|0891813063}}, pp. 253-280. 5. ^http://interactive.wsj.com/archive/retrieve.cgi?id=SB924151147795357823.djm Christopher Cooper, "Odd Reservoir Off Louisiana Prods Oil Experts to Seek a Deeper Meaning?", Wall Street Journal, April 16, 1999 6. ^http://www.energybulletin.net/2423.html The Abiotic Oil Controversy - Richard Heinberg, Oct 6 2004 by Alternative Press Review: Energy Bulletin 7. ^Robert Cooke, Oil Fields Are Refilling...Naturally - Sometimes Rapidly, Newsday 2002 8. ^{{cite web |url= http://tariffs.shellpipeline.com/maps/Eugene_Island.swf |title= CEugene Island Pipeline System | publisher= Shell Pipeline Co LP |accessdate=2010-07-05}} External links
1 : Gulf of Mexico oil fields of the United States |
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