| 词条 | Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio |
| 释义 |
| name = Mother Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio | image = Eugenia_Ravasio.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = 4 September 1907 | birth_place = Capriate San Gervasio, Bergamo, Italy | death_date = 10 August 1990 | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = Italian | other_names = | known_for = Founded large leper colony in Ivory Coast, unique Mystic with revelations from God the Father | education = Primary only | employer = | occupation = Nun | title = Mother Superior | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} Mother Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio (4 September 1907 – 10 August 1990) was an Italian Roman Catholic nun, visionary, and mystic. Early lifeEugenia Elisabetta Ravasio was born in San Gervasio d’Adda (named now Capriate San Gervasio), a small town in the province of Bergamo, Italy, on 4 September 1907, in a family of peasant background. She received only an elementary education. After a few years working in a factory, she entered the Congregation of Our Lady of the Apostles at the age of 20 years. It was here that her great charismatic personality developed, leading to her election as Mother General of the Congregation at age 28. Social and apostolic workMother Eugenia Ravasio performed significant amounts of work in the social field. In twelve years of missionary activity she opened over 70 centres – each with infirmary, school and church – in the remotest spots of Africa, Asia and Europe. In or around 1936, she was invited by Tanios Toni Kawas (a prominent cotton field LandLord), son of Antoun Abdel Sayed Kawas (mayor of Girga, Egypt), to open the Lady of the Apostles school in Girga, Egypt. The school is still in operation as of today. Tanios Toni Kawas having 6 young girls and no schools for them, invited many congregations, but only Mother Eugenia Elisabetta Ravasio responded to his request. As part of her work with lepers on the Ivory Coast she was instrumental in promoting and popularizing the use of chemotherapy for the cure of leprosy, by orally administering chaulmoogra oil[1] which was extracted from the seed of a tropical plant. This medicine was later studied and developed further at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. She encouraged the apostolate of Raoul Follereau, who, following in her footsteps and building on the foundations laid by her, is regarded as the apostle of the lepers. During the period 1939–1941 she conceived, planned and brought to fruition the project for a “Lepers’ City” at Adzopé (Ivory Coast). This was a vast centre, covering an area of 200,000 m2, for the care of leprosy sufferers. It remains even today one of Africa’s and the world’s leading centres of its kind. In recognition of this achievement, France conferred the Couronne Civique, the highest national honour for social work, on the Congregation of Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of the Apostles, of which Mother Eugenia was Superior General from 1935 to 1947. Private revelationsMother Ravasio reported a series of messages from God the Father, which were published as "The Father speaks to His children". The Bishop of Grenoble (who was mentioned in the messages) recognized these messages as authentic after ten years of examination. However, the Vatican has neither approved nor disapproved of these messages, and Catholics are not required to believe them. To date these are the only reported private revelations from God the Father that have been approved by a bishop. In her book, Mother Ravasio wrote that she personally saw God the Father and that God the Father sat next to her. On 1 July 1932, in Book 1, part 1, she quoted God the Father and wrote:
Mother Ravasio also wrote messages from God the Father to Bishop Alexandre Caillot, who later approved of the book. In Book 1, part 3 she wrote:
Mother Ravasio also wrote of acts by the Devil. On 12 August 1932 she wrote that the Devil took the book and slashed its covers with a pair of scissors. On that day she also wrote of a new path to salvation and quoted God the Father as follows:
Approval and controversiesMother Eugenia Ravasio's messages were approved by Bishop Alexander Caillot of Grenoble,[2] who was mentioned in the messages. Bishop Caillot ordered an investigation, and after ten years issued a letter stating that the messages had a divine nature. In 1988 the messages received the imprimatur of Cardinal Petrus Canisius Van Lierde, Vicar General for the Vatican City State, whose general duties were the administration of daily functions of Vatican City.[3] The imprimatur signified that in the Cardinal's opinion the messages contain nothing against faith and morals, but not certifying that the messages were received from God the Father. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith at the Holy See, which is the official authority for approving private revelations on behalf of the Catholic Church has not approved Mother Ravasio's messages as authentic, nor issued an opinion on them. As in all other private revelations, Catholics in general are not required to believe the messages of Mother Eugenia Ravasio. The decision about the authenticity of private revelations is left to the conscience of each individual Catholic.[4] Thus despite the approval letter and the imprimatur, some Catholic writers{{who||date=August 2018}} point to a number of specific doctrinal errors within the messages of Mother Eugenia Ravasio. Given that the Catechism of the Catholic Church #239 specifically states that "God is neither man nor woman: he is God", some writers reason that the reported message that God the Father desired his image as an icon to be used in worship contradicts the Catholic teachings that God the Father is invisible and formless.[5][6] Other Catholic writers{{who||date=August 2018}} have viewed some of Mother Ravasio's messages as heretical, e.g. the message stating that "a person can achieve eternal salvation, with certainty, merely by calling God by the name 'Father,' even only one time". The argument asserting the heretical nature of this statement relies on the assertion that this promise ignores and rejects all tradition, scripture, and the teachings of the Magisterium (e.g. cf.[7][8]) on the subject of salvation.[9] It can be very controversial what criteria is used to determine heresy and who has the authority to do so. In the Roman Catholic Church, heresy is defined as: "Heresy is the obstinate post-baptismal denial of some truth which must be believed with divine and catholic faith, or it is likewise an obstinate doubt concerning the same;[10] The Roman Catholic Church to which Mother Eugenia belonged did not declare Mother Eugenia's writings heresy, so this is not a controversy in the Church.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} Two bishops provided imprimaturs which state their opinion that the writings are of no danger to faith and morals. Bibliography
See also{{portal|Biography|Catholicism|Italy}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/lhc/docs/published/2003/pub2003048.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-07-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055236/http://www.lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/lhc/docs/published/2003/pub2003048.pdf |archivedate=21 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }} John Parascandola, "Chaulmoogra Oil and the Treatment of Leprosy" 2. ^"Testimony of the Right Reverend A. Caillot, Bishop of Grenoble, Following the Report Prepared during the Canonical Enquiry into the Case of Mother Eugenia", pp 5-10. 3. ^The Father Speaks to His Children page 2. 4. ^Catholic encyclopedia 5. ^Is it Catholic on Mother Eugenia Ravasio 6. ^David Bordwell, 2002, Catechism of the Catholic Church, Continuum International Publishing {{ISBN|978-0-86012-324-8}} page 84 7. ^Vatican website: All Salvation Comes through Christ 8. ^Vatican website on Total Salvation 9. ^Catholic planet on Mother Eugenia Ravasio 10. ^Catechism of the Catholic Church Paragraph 2089 External links
7 : 1907 births|1990 deaths|20th-century Christian mystics|People from Capriate San Gervasio|Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns|Roman Catholic mystics|20th-century Christian nuns |
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