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词条 Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil 2
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Variants

     Twin engine  Aftermarket conversions 

  3. Operators

     Military and government operators  Former operators 

  4. Accidents and incidents

  5. Specifications (AS355F2)

  6. See also

  7. References

     Citations  Bibliography 

  8. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
name= AS355 Écureuil 2/Twin Squirrel/TwinStarimage= File:Aérospatiale AS-355 F2 Ecureuil 2 Héli Béarn SARL F-HJLD - MSN 5064 (5387445580).jpgcaption= An AS355 departs Toulouse–Blagnac Airport

}}{{Infobox aircraft type

type= Light utility helicopternational origin= Francemanufacturer= Aérospatiale
Eurocopter
Airbus Helicopters		designer=first flight= 28 September 1979introduced=retired=status= In serviceprimary user=more users=produced= 1975-presentnumber built=unit cost=developed from= Eurocopter AS350 Écureuilvariants with their own articles=developed into= Eurocopter AS555 Fennec 2
}}

The Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters) AS355 Écureuil 2 (or Twin Squirrel) is a twin-engine light utility helicopter originally manufactured by Aérospatiale in France (later part of Eurocopter Group, now Airbus Helicopters). The AS355 is marketed in North America as the TwinStar.

Design and development

Development at Aérospatiale began in the early 1970s to replace the Aérospatiale Alouette II, and the first flight took place on 27 June 1974.[1]

A twin-engined version, known as the Écureuil 2, Twin Squirrel, or in North America as the TwinStar, first flew on 28 September 1979.[2]

Despite the introduction of the Eurocopter EC130 in 2001, production of both the AS350 and AS355, and of their AS550 and AS555 Fennec militarized counterparts, was continued for some time. In 2007, the more capable AS355 NP variant with FADEC engines was introduced to service. In September 2015, Airbus Helicopters announced that it was to terminate the manufacture of the AS355 as part of an effort to focus on stronger-selling rotorcraft – production of the AS350 is to continue. Production of the AS355 is to continue through 2016 until the existing order backlog is fulfilled.[3]

Variants

Twin engine

AS355

Prototype of the twin-engined Écureuil 2 or Twin Squirrel.

AS355 E

Initial production version, with single hydraulics, powered by two Allison 250-C20F turboshaft engines.

AS355 F

Improved version, with dual hydraulics and increased maximum weight of 2,300 kg (5,070 lb).

{{visible anchor|AS355 F1}}

Powered by two Allison 250-C20F engines, 2,400 kg (5,291 lb) Maximum weight.

AS355 F2

Powered by two Allison 250-C20F engines, 2,540 kg (5,600 lb) Maximum weight and a yaw compensation system.

AS355 M

Initial armed version of AS355 F1.

AS355 M2

Armed version of AS355 F2. Superseded by AS555 Fennec.

{{visible anchor|AS355 N Ecureuil 2}}

Version fitted with two Turbomeca Arrius 1A engines and a Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) system for better M.T.O.W (2,600 kg or 5,732 lb) and better single engine performance, tail rotor strake added along starboard side of tail boom for better yaw authority.

AS355 NP Ecureuil 2

Introduced in 2007, this version is fitted with two Turbomeca Arrius 1A1 turboshaft engines and a new AS350 B3-based main gearbox, increasing maximum take-off weight to 2,800 kg (6,173 lb).[4]

HB.355F Esquilo Bi

Assembled in Brazil by Helibras (part of Eurocopter).

HB.355N Esquilo Bi

Assembled in Brazil by Helibras.

Aftermarket conversions

Heli-Lynx 355FX1

Powered by the Allison C20F engine. FAA, TC, and EASA approved.

Heli-Lynx 355FX2

Powered by the Allison C20F engine. FAA,TC and EASA approved.

Heli-Lynx 355FX2R

Powered by the Allison C20R engine. FAA and TC approved.

Starflex AS355F1R

AS355 F1 powered by the Allison C20R engine. FAA, TC and EASA approved.

Starflex AS355F2R

AS355 F2 Powered by the Allison C20R engine with optimised tail rotor blades. FAA, TC and EASA approved.

Operators

The AS355 Écureuil 2 is used by both private individuals and companies, helicopter charter and training organizations as well as law enforcement and government use.

Military and government operators

{{ALG}}
  • Algerian Air Force[5]
{{ARG}}
  • Argentine Naval Prefecture[6]
{{AUT}}
  • Austrian Federal Police[7]
{{BLR}}
  • Border Guard[8]
  • Ministry of Emergency Situations[9]
{{BRA}}
  • Brazilian Air Force[5]
  • Brazilian Navy[5]
{{CAM}}
  • Royal Cambodian Air Force[5]
{{CAN}}
  • Ontario Provincial Police[10][11]
{{DJI}}
  • Djibouti Air Force[5]
{{JAM}}
  • Jamaica Defence Force[12]
{{flag|Malawi}}
  • Malawi Air Wing[5]
{{MYS}}
  • Royal Malaysia Police[13]
{{NZL}}
  • New Zealand Police[14]
{{RUS}}
  • Ministry of Interior[15]
{{URY}}
  • National Navy of Uruguay[5]
{{USA}}
  • Massachusetts State Police[16]

Former operators

{{flag|Bophuthatswana}}
  • Bophuthatswana Air Force[17]
{{IRL}}
  • Garda Air Support Unit[18]

Accidents and incidents

  • On 22 October 1996, an AS355 F1 Squirrel, registration G-CFLT, crashed in bad weather near Middlewich, Cheshire, England, killing all five on board. The people on board included Matthew Harding, a businessman and vice chairman of English football club Chelsea F.C. (the flight was returning to London from a Chelsea match in Bolton). The UK's Air Accidents Investigation Branch found that the pilot had insufficient qualifications and experience to fly in such poor conditions.[19][20]
  • In July 1998, the Kent Air Ambulance, a AS355 F1 Squirrel, crashed in good weather after colliding with power cables near Burham whilst returning to Rochester Airport following an aborted call to attend a road accident.[21] All three crew – the pilot, Graham Budden, and two paramedics, Tony Richardson and Mark Darby – were killed on impact.[22]
  • In May 2007, Chelsea Football Club Vice President Philip Carter, founder of training company Carter and Carter, crashed in his part-owned Twin Squirrel registration G-BYPA returning from Liverpool John Lennon Airport after watching Chelsea play Liverpool F.C..[23]
  • On 18 August 2011, a AS-355F-2 (reg No/ VH-NTV) crashed near Lake Eyre in South Australia resulting in three fatalities.[24] The helicopter was owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. On board were, Gary Ticehurst (ABC chief helicopter pilot for 25 years), John Bean (cameraman) and Paul Lockyer (journalist). All three had 20 years or more experience working for the ABC.[25]
  • On 20 October 2011, a Belarus border patrol Eurocopter twin-engine helicopter crashed close to the village of Vileity near the Lithuanian border and burst into flames, killing all five people on board, including three members of a television crew.[26]
  • On 29 March 2017, a Eurocopter AS-355F-1 Ecureuil 2 was lost over the Snowdonia National Park in Wales whilst en route from Luton to Dublin, carrying five people on board.[27]

Specifications (AS355F2)

{{Aircraft specifications
|plane or copter?= copter
|jet or prop?= prop


|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89[28]
|crew= 1
|capacity= 6
|length main= 12.94 m
|length alt= 42 ft 5½ in
|span main= 10.69 m
|span alt= 35 ft 0¾ in
|height main= 3.14 m
|height alt= 10 ft 3½ in
|area main= 89.75 m²
|area alt= 966 sq ft
|airfoil=
|empty weight main= 1,305 kg
|empty weight alt= 2,877 lbs
|loaded weight main=
|loaded weight alt=
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight main= 2,540 kg[29]
|max takeoff weight alt= 5,732 lbs
|more general=
|engine (prop)= Allison 250-C20F
|type of prop= turboshaft
|number of props= 2
|power main= 313 kW
|power alt= 420 shp
|power original=
|cruise speed main= 224 km/h
|cruise speed alt= 121 knots, 139 mph
|cruise more=(max cruise)
|never exceed speed main= 278 km/h
|never exceed speed alt= 150 knots, 172 mph
|range main= 703 km
|range alt= 380 nm, 437 mi
|ceiling main= 3,400 m
|ceiling alt= 11,150 ft
|climb rate main= 6.5 m/s
|climb rate alt= 1,280 ft/min
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=
|armament=
|avionics=
}}

See also

{{Portal|Aviation|France|Airbus}}{{Aircontent
|related=
  • Eurocopter AS350
  • Eurocopter AS555 Fennec
  • Eurocopter EC130

|similar aircraft=
  • Bell 427
  • MD Helicopters MD Explorer

|lists=
  • List of active United Kingdom military aircraft

|see also=
}}

References

Citations

1. ^http://62.160.110.229/jrotor/73/latinamerica.html#I0000f69b{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
2. ^Taylor 1988, p.61.
3. ^Perry, Dominic. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/airbus-helicopters-ditches-as355-light-twin-416423/ "Airbus Helicopters ditches AS355 light twin."] Flight International, 4 September 2015.
4. ^Eurocopter Press Release – Eurocopter Upgrades Its Most Affordable Twin, The AS355 Ecureuil/TwinStar {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223034943/http://www.eurocopter.com/publications/FO/scripts/newsFO_complet.php?lang=EN&news_id=463 |date=23 December 2008 }}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |last = |first = |url= https://flightglobal.com/asset/6297/waf/|title = World Air Forces 2016 |work= |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2016 |doi = |accessdate= 28 May 2016}}
6. ^{{cite magazine| title= Argentine Coast Guard Receives its First Ecureuil |magazine= Air International |date=March 2011 | volume=80 |issue= 3| page=28 |issn=0306-5634}}
7. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.bmi.gv.at/202/Flugpolizei/Typenuebersicht.aspx |title= Austrian Federal Ministry of Internal Affairs |publisher= bmi.gv.at |date=|accessdate=5 September 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url= http://news.tut.by/society/170932.html|title=Государственный пограничный комитет вооружается европейскими вертолетами |publisher=.tut.by |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://avia.mchs.gov.by/park-vozdushnykh-sudov/|title=Парк воздушных судов |publisher=mchs.gov.by }}
10. ^{{cite web|url= http://helihub.com/2011/02/04/ontario-provincial-police-upgrade-from-as355f2-to-ec135p2/ |title= Ontario Provincial Police upgrade from AS355F2 to EC135P2+ |publisher= helihub.com |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.airliners.net/photo/Ontario-Provincial-Police/Aerospatiale-AS-355F-2-TwinStar/1212353/L/&sid=dea016e47f91e4b491408010653d4b1c |title= Ontario Provincial Police AS-355F |publisher=Demand media |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.jdfmil.org/equipment/aircraft/aircraft_home_ecurieul.php|title= JDF AS-355|publisher= jdfmil.org |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://helihub.com/2012/10/23/royal-malaysian-police-wants-more-helicopters/ |title= Royal Malaysian Police wants more helicopters |publisher= helihub.com |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://nzcivair.blogspot.com/2009/11/helilink-helicopters-at-mechanics-bay.html |title=NZ Civil Aircraft |publisher= nzcivair .com|date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|url= http://en.rian.ru/military_news/20120222/171457863.html|title= Russian Military Plans to Buy Foreign Helicopters |publisher= rian.ru |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.eurocopterusa.com/products/AS355-overview.asp|title= AS355 NP Overview |publisher= eurocopterusa.com |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202494.html |title= World's Air Forces 1987 pg. 28|publisher= flightglobal.com |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.garda.ie/Controller.aspx?Page=36&Lang=1 |title= About the Air Support Unit |publisher= garda.ie |date=|accessdate=1 March 2013}}
19. ^{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/35087.stm | title = Pilot disorientated on impact | publisher = BBC News | accessdate=17 September 2007}}
20. ^https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5422f2ebe5274a131700044f/4-1997_G-CFLT.pdf
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aaib.gov.uk/sites/aaib/cms_resources/dft_avsafety_pdf_500724.pdf|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090317070926/http%3A//www.aaib.gov.uk/sites/aaib/cms_resources/dft_avsafety_pdf_500724.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2009-03-17|publisher=Air Accident Investigation Board|title=Bulletin No:2/2000 Aerospatiale AS355 F1 Ecureuil II G-MASK}}
22. ^{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/139680.stm|date=27 July 1998|title=UK Helicopter crash kills three | accessdate=4 January 2010}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-452157/Millionaire-Chelsea-fan-son-die-helicopter-crash.html|title=Millionaire Chelsea fan and his son die in helicopter crash|publisher=Daily Mail|date=2 May 2007|accessdate=15 August 2010}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Collision with terrain – Aérospatiale Industries helicopter, VH-NTV, near Lake Eyre, SA, 18 August 2011|url=http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2011/aair/ao-2011-102.aspx|work=Australian Transport Safety Bureau|accessdate=20 August 2011|date=19 August 2011}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-08-19/investigators-head-to-abc-chopper-crash-site/2847074|title=ABC chopper crash probe could take a year|work=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date=19 August 2011|accessdate=20 August 2011}}
26. ^Helicopter crash in Belarus kills 5{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
27. ^{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|title=Missing helicopter: Police launch Snowdonia ground search|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-39440755}}
28. ^Taylor 1988, pp.60—62.
29. ^Max slung load

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • Taylor, John W.R. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–89. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Defence Data, 1988. {{ISBN|0-7106-0867-5}}.
  • Directory: World Air Forces. Flight International, 11–17 November 2008. pp. 52–76.
{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category|Airbus Helicopters AS355 Ecureuil 2}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140927180702/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/site/en/ref/Overview_80.html AS355 page on manufacturer’s website]
{{Sud/Aérospatiale aircraft}}{{Eurocopter}}

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