“European sea sturgeon”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), also known as the Atlantic sturgeon or common sturgeon, is a species of sturgeon previously found on most coasts of Europe. It is anadromous and breeds in rivers. It is currently a critically endangered species.^[1] Although the name Baltic sturgeon sometimes has been used, it has now been established that sturgeon of the Baltic region are A. oxyrinchus, a species otherwise restricted to the Atlantic coast of North America.^[4]

The wedge-shaped head of the European sea sturgeon ends in a long point. There are many sensitive barbels on the facial area. The dorsal fins are located very far back on the body. Five longitudinal lines of large osseous plates are found on the body of the fish. The stomach is yellow and the back is a brownish grey.

This sturgeon can reach {{convert|6|m|abbr=on}} and {{convert|400|kg|abbr=on}} in weight, but a more common length is {{convert|1.25|m|abbr=on}}.^[5] They can reach an age of 100 years,^[5] and have a late sexual maturity (12 to 14 years for the males and 16 to 18 years for the females).

They are found on the coasts of Europe, except in the northernmost regions and the Baltic region, and have rarely even been known to cross the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of North America. Like many other sturgeons, they spawn in the rivers inland from the coast. Despite their estimated range of distribution, they have become so rare that they only breed in the Garonne river basin in France. Conservation projects involving this species include reintroductions based on specimens from aquaculture with the first releases in 1995.^[1] For example, some 50 sturgeons were reintroduced in the Rhine near Nijmegen in 2012.

Like other sturgeons, they eat mollusks and crustaceans which they find with their barbels.

At the beginning of the 19th century, these fish were used extensively to produce caviar, but have been a protected species in Europe since 1982.

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite journal | author = Gesner, J. | author2 = Williot, P. | author3 = Rochard, E. | author4 = Freyhof, J. | author5 = Kottelat, M. | title = Acipenser sturio | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2010 | page = e.T230A13040963 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2010 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/230/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T230A13040963.en | access-date = 6 January 2018}}
2. ^{{Cite website|last=Froese|first=R.|last2=Pauly|first2=D.|year=2017|title=Acipenseridae |url=http://www.fishbase.se/Summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=32|website=FishBase version (02/2017)|accessdate=18 May 2017}}
3. ^{{Cite website|title=Acipenseridae |url=http://deeplyfish.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Family-Acipenseridae-PDF.pdf|website=Deeplyfish- fishes of the world|accessdate=18 May 2017}}
4. ^{{cite journal | pmc=2527320| author1=Ludwig| first1=A| title=Tracing the first steps of American sturgeon pioneers in Europe| journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology| volume=8| pages=221| last2=Arndt| first2=U| last3=Lippold| first3=S| last4=Benecke| first4=N| last5=Debus| first5=L| last6=King| first6=T. L.| last7=Matsumura| first7=S| doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-221| pmid=18664258| year=2008}}
5. ^¹{{FishBase_species|genus=Acipenser|species=sturio|year=2005|month=10}}

External links

词条	European sea sturgeon
释义	References External links {{Taxobox \| image = Acipenser sturio 1879.jpg \| image_caption = Acipenser sturio \| name = European sea sturgeon \| status = CR \| status_system = IUCN3.1 \| status_ref = ^[1] \| regnum = Animalia \| phylum = Chordata \| classis = Actinopterygii \| ordo = Acipenseriformes \| familia = Acipenseridae \| genus = Acipenser \| species = *A. sturio* \| binomial = Acipenser sturio \| binomial_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 \| synonyms_ref=^[2]^[3] \| synonyms = {{collapsible list\|bullets = true\|title=List \| Acipenser attilus Rafinesque 1820 corrig. Gray 1851 \| Acipenser latirostris Parnell 1831-37 \| Acipenser hospitus Krøyer 1852 \| Acipenser thompsonii Ball 1856 \| Acipenser sturioides Malm 1861 \| Acipenser yarrellii Duméril 1867 \| Acipenser (Huso) milberti Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser (Huso) fitzingerii Valenciennes ex Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser (Huso) ducissae Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser (Huso) nehelae Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser (Huso) podapos Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser (Huso) valenciennii Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser laevissimus Valenciennes ex Duméril 1870 \| Acipenser europaeus Brusina 1902 \| Acipenser shipus Güldenstädt 1772 non Lovetzky 1834 \| Antacea shipa (Güldenstadt 1772) \| Antaceus shipus (Güldenstadt 1772) \| Shipa shipa (Güldenstädt 1772) \| Sturio vulgaris Rafinesque 1810 \| Acipenser vulgaris (Rafinesque 1810) Billberg 1833 \| Acipenser atlanticus Rafinesque 1820 corrig. }} }} The European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), also known as the Atlantic sturgeon or common sturgeon, is a species of sturgeon previously found on most coasts of Europe. It is anadromous and breeds in rivers. It is currently a critically endangered species.^[1] Although the name Baltic sturgeon sometimes has been used, it has now been established that sturgeon of the Baltic region are A. oxyrinchus, a species otherwise restricted to the Atlantic coast of North America.^[4] The wedge-shaped head of the European sea sturgeon ends in a long point. There are many sensitive barbels on the facial area. The dorsal fins are located very far back on the body. Five longitudinal lines of large osseous plates are found on the body of the fish. The stomach is yellow and the back is a brownish grey. This sturgeon can reach {{convert\|6\|m\|abbr=on}} and {{convert\|400\|kg\|abbr=on}} in weight, but a more common length is {{convert\|1.25\|m\|abbr=on}}.^[5] They can reach an age of 100 years,^[5] and have a late sexual maturity (12 to 14 years for the males and 16 to 18 years for the females). They are found on the coasts of Europe, except in the northernmost regions and the Baltic region, and have rarely even been known to cross the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of North America. Like many other sturgeons, they spawn in the rivers inland from the coast. Despite their estimated range of distribution, they have become so rare that they only breed in the Garonne river basin in France. Conservation projects involving this species include reintroductions based on specimens from aquaculture with the first releases in 1995.^[1] For example, some 50 sturgeons were reintroduced in the Rhine near Nijmegen in 2012. Like other sturgeons, they eat mollusks and crustaceans which they find with their barbels. At the beginning of the 19th century, these fish were used extensively to produce caviar, but have been a protected species in Europe since 1982. References 1. ^¹²{{Cite journal \| author = Gesner, J. \| author2 = Williot, P. \| author3 = Rochard, E. \| author4 = Freyhof, J. \| author5 = Kottelat, M. \| title = Acipenser sturio \| journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species \| volume = 2010 \| page = e.T230A13040963 \| publisher = IUCN \| date = 2010 \| url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/230/0 \| doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T230A13040963.en \| access-date = 6 January 2018}} 2. ^{{Cite website\|last=Froese\|first=R.\|last2=Pauly\|first2=D.\|year=2017\|title=Acipenseridae \|url=http://www.fishbase.se/Summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=32\|website=FishBase version (02/2017)\|accessdate=18 May 2017}} 3. ^{{Cite website\|title=Acipenseridae \|url=http://deeplyfish.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Family-Acipenseridae-PDF.pdf\|website=Deeplyfish- fishes of the world\|accessdate=18 May 2017}} 4. ^{{cite journal \| pmc=2527320\| author1=Ludwig\| first1=A\| title=Tracing the first steps of American sturgeon pioneers in Europe\| journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology\| volume=8\| pages=221\| last2=Arndt\| first2=U\| last3=Lippold\| first3=S\| last4=Benecke\| first4=N\| last5=Debus\| first5=L\| last6=King\| first6=T. L.\| last7=Matsumura\| first7=S\| doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-221\| pmid=18664258\| year=2008}} 5. ^¹{{FishBase_species\|genus=Acipenser\|species=sturio\|year=2005\|month=10}} {{ITIS \|id=161072 \|taxon=Acipenser sturio \|accessdate=11 March 2006}} {{Citation\|contribution=European sturgeon\|year=2001\|title=Animal\|editor-last=Burnie\|editor-first=David\|pages=481\|publisher=Dorling Kindersly}} External links ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060617055759/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/fish/Acipenser_sturio/more_info.html images and movies of the European sea sturgeon(Acipenser sturio)] {{Acipenseriformes}}{{Taxonbar\|from=Q300955}} 10 : Sturgeons\|Fish of the Atlantic Ocean\|Fish of the North Sea\|Freshwater fish of Europe\|Marine fish of Europe\|Critically endangered fish\|Critically endangered biota of Europe\|Endangered species of the British Isles\|Fish described in 1758\|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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